10 Gwuo (Ngalaba Ozi Groper) Iwu maka ịjụ DNS
N'edemede anyị gara aga, anyị akọwala ngwá ọrụ iwu netwọk nke ejiri maka ịjụ ajụjụ na ịnweta ozi nke DNS (Sistemụ Aha ngalaba).
N'ebe a, n'isiokwu a, anyị na-eji ngwá ọrụ ahịrị iwu ọzọ a na-akpọ dig, nke yiri ngwa nslookup Linux. Anyị ga-ahụ ojiji nke iwu igwu ala nke ọma yana ihe atụ na ojiji ha.
[Ị nwekwara ike ịmasị: Otu esi etinye ma jiri iwu igwu na nslookup na Linux]
Dig na-anọchi anya (Ngalaba Ozi Groper) bụ ngwa ọrụ nchịkwa netwọkụ maka ịza ajụjụ ngalaba aha Sistemu (DNS).
Ọ bara uru maka ịchọpụta na idozi nsogbu DNS yana kwa ime nyocha DNS wee gosipụta azịza ndị eweghachiri na nkesa aha a jụrụ ajụjụ.
Dig bụ akụkụ nke BIND ngalaba aha ihe nkesa ngwanrọ. igwu iwu na-anọchi anya ochie ngwaọrụ dị ka nslookup na onye ọbịa. gwuo ngwá ọrụ dị na isi Linux nkesa.
# dig yahoo.com ; <<>> DiG 9.16.1-Ubuntu <<>> yahoo.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 20076 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 6, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;yahoo.com. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: yahoo.com. 387 IN A 98.137.11.163 yahoo.com. 387 IN A 74.6.143.26 yahoo.com. 387 IN A 74.6.143.25 yahoo.com. 387 IN A 74.6.231.20 yahoo.com. 387 IN A 74.6.231.21 yahoo.com. 387 IN A 98.137.11.164 ;; Query time: 4 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53) ;; WHEN: Fri Dec 10 12:58:13 IST 2021 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 134
Iwu a dị n'elu na-eme ka igwupụta ndekọ A\ maka ngalaba aha yahoo.com. Iwu igwu egwu na-agụ faịlụ /etc/resolv.conf na ịjụ ajụjụ sava DNS edepụtara ebe ahụ. Nzaghachi sitere na sava DNS bụ ihe na-egwupụta ihe ngosi.
Ka anyị ghọta mpụta nke iwu ndị a:
- Ahịrị malite na
;abụghị akụkụ nke ozi a. - Ahịrị nke mbụ na-agwa anyị ụdị iwu egwu egwu (9.16.1).
- Na-esote, igwu na-egosi nkụnye eji isi mee nzaghachi ọ nwetara site na sava DNS.
- Na-esote ngalaba ajụjụ, nke na-agwa anyị naanị ajụjụ, nke na nke a bụ ajụjụ maka ndekọ
A\nke yahoo.com.INpụtara na nke a bụ nyocha ịntanetị (na klas ịntanetị). - Ngalaba azịza na-agwa anyị na yahoo.com nwere adreesị IP 98.137.11.163.
- N'ikpeazụ, enwere ụfọdụ stats gbasara ajụjụ a. Ị nwere ike gbanyụọ stats ndị a site na iji nhọrọ
+nostats.
Na ndabara, igwu bụ nnọọ verbose. Otu ụzọ isi belata mmepụta bụ iji + Short nhọrọ. nke ga-egbutu oke mmepụta dị ka egosiri n'okpuru.
# dig yahoo.com +short 98.137.11.164 74.6.231.21 74.6.231.20 74.6.143.25 74.6.143.26 98.137.11.163
Cheta na: Site na ndabara, igwu na-achọ A ndekọ nke ngalaba akọwapụtara, mana ị nwekwara ike ịkọwa ndekọ ndị ọzọ. Ihe ndekọ MX ma ọ bụ Mail eExchange na-agwa ndị sava ozi ka esi ebugharị ozi-e maka ngalaba ahụ. N'otu aka ahụ, TTL, SOA, wdg.
Na-arịọ ụdị ndekọ akụ DNS dị iche iche naanị.
# dig yahoo.com MX ; <<>> DiG 9.16.1-Ubuntu <<>> yahoo.com MX ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 60630 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 3, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;yahoo.com. IN MX ;; ANSWER SECTION: yahoo.com. 51 IN MX 1 mta6.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com. 51 IN MX 1 mta5.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com. 51 IN MX 1 mta7.am0.yahoodns.net. ;; Query time: 4 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53) ;; WHEN: Fri Dec 10 13:03:32 IST 2021 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 117
# dig yahoo.com SOA ; <<>> DiG 9.16.1-Ubuntu <<>> yahoo.com SOA ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 25140 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;yahoo.com. IN SOA ;; ANSWER SECTION: yahoo.com. 1800 IN SOA ns1.yahoo.com. hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com. 2021121001 3600 300 1814400 600 ;; Query time: 128 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53) ;; WHEN: Fri Dec 10 13:04:08 IST 2021 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 99
# dig yahoo.com TTL ; <<>> DiG 9.16.1-Ubuntu <<>> yahoo.com TTL ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 64017 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 6, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;yahoo.com. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: yahoo.com. 1606 IN A 74.6.143.25 yahoo.com. 1606 IN A 74.6.231.21 yahoo.com. 1606 IN A 74.6.143.26 yahoo.com. 1606 IN A 98.137.11.164 yahoo.com. 1606 IN A 98.137.11.163 yahoo.com. 1606 IN A 74.6.231.20 ;; Query time: 4 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53) ;; WHEN: Fri Dec 10 13:04:58 IST 2021 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 134 ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: SERVFAIL, id: 27889 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;TTL. IN A ;; Query time: 0 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53) ;; WHEN: Fri Dec 10 13:04:58 IST 2021 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 32
# dig yahoo.com +nocomments +noquestion +noauthority +noadditional +nostats ; <<>> DiG 9.16.1-Ubuntu <<>> yahoo.com +nocomments +noquestion +noauthority +noadditional +nostats ;; global options: +cmd yahoo.com. 1556 IN A 74.6.231.20 yahoo.com. 1556 IN A 98.137.11.163 yahoo.com. 1556 IN A 98.137.11.164 yahoo.com. 1556 IN A 74.6.143.26 yahoo.com. 1556 IN A 74.6.231.21 yahoo.com. 1556 IN A 74.6.143.25
# dig yahoo.com ANY +noall +answer ; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6 <<>> yahoo.com ANY +noall +answer ;; global options: +cmd yahoo.com. 3509 IN A 72.30.38.140 yahoo.com. 3509 IN A 98.138.253.109 yahoo.com. 3509 IN A 98.139.183.24 yahoo.com. 1709 IN MX 1 mta5.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com. 1709 IN MX 1 mta6.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com. 1709 IN MX 1 mta7.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com. 43109 IN NS ns2.yahoo.com. yahoo.com. 43109 IN NS ns8.yahoo.com. yahoo.com. 43109 IN NS ns3.yahoo.com. yahoo.com. 43109 IN NS ns1.yahoo.com. yahoo.com. 43109 IN NS ns4.yahoo.com. yahoo.com. 43109 IN NS ns5.yahoo.com. yahoo.com. 43109 IN NS ns6.yahoo.com.
Na-achọ nyocha ntụgharị DNS. Na-egosipụta naanị ngalaba azịza site na iji + mkpụmkpụ.
# dig -x 72.30.38.140 +short ir1.fp.vip.sp2.yahoo.com.
Jụọ ajụjụ dị iche iche nke weebụsaịtị DNS kpọmkwem viz. MX, NS, wdg ndekọ.
# dig yahoo.com mx +noall +answer redhat.com ns +noall +answer ; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.10.rc1.el6 <<>> yahoo.com mx +noall +answer redhat.com ns +noall +answer ;; global options: +cmd yahoo.com. 1740 IN MX 1 mta6.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com. 1740 IN MX 1 mta7.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com. 1740 IN MX 1 mta5.am0.yahoodns.net. redhat.com. 132 IN NS ns1.redhat.com. redhat.com. 132 IN NS ns4.redhat.com. redhat.com. 132 IN NS ns3.redhat.com. redhat.com. 132 IN NS ns2.redhat.com.
Mepụta faịlụ .digrc n'okpuru $HOME/.digrc iji chekwaa nhọrọ igwu ala adịghị mma.
# dig yahoo.com yahoo.com. 3427 IN A 72.30.38.140 yahoo.com. 3427 IN A 98.138.253.109 yahoo.com. 3427 IN A 98.139.183.24
Anyị nwere nhọrọ azịza +noall + na-adịgide adịgide na faịlụ .digrc n'okpuru ndekọ ụlọ onye ọrụ. Ugbu a, mgbe ọ bụla e mere iwu igwu ala ọ ga-egosi naanị akụkụ azịza nke mmepụta egwu. Ọ dịghị mkpa pịnye nhọrọ oge ọ bụla dị ka +noall +aza.
N'isiokwu a, anyị gbalịrị ịchọpụta iwu igwu egwu nke nwere ike inyere gị aka ịchọ ozi metụtara ọrụ (DNS) ngalaba Aha. Kesaa echiche gị site na igbe nkọwa.