Otu esi agbanyụọ/mkpọchi ma ọ bụ mmelite ngwugwu site na iji ngwa Apt


APT pụtara Advanced Packaging Tool bụ njikwa ngwugwu ọzọ achọtara na sistemụ Linux. Na mbụ e mere dị ka a n'ihu-njedebe maka dpkg na-arụ ọrụ na .deb ngwugwu, apt nwere ihe ịga nke ọma na-egosi ya visibiliti na Mac OS, Open Solaris wdg.

Ịchọrọ ịmụta na ịmụta banyere iwu APT na DPKG iji jikwaa njikwa ngwugwu Debian, wee jiri akụkọ anyị dị omimi nke ga-ekpuchi ihe atụ karịa 30+ na ngwaọrụ abụọ ahụ.

N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-ahụ usoro dị iche iche iji gbanyụọ/igbachi ngwugwu site na ịwụnye, kwalite na wepụ na Debian Linux na mmepụta ya dị ka Ubuntu na Linux Mint.

1. Gbanyụọ/Kpochie ngwugwu Iji 'apt-mark' na nhọrọ njide/jichie

Iwu apt-mark ga-akara ma ọ bụ wepụ akara ngwungwu ngwanrọ ka etinyere ya na-akpaghị aka ma jiri ya na nhọrọ jide ma ọ bụ bupu ya.

  1. jide – nhọrọ a na-eji akara ngwungwu ka ejichiri azụ, nke ga-egbochi itinye, kwalite ma ọ bụ wepu ya.
  2. unhold – nhọrọ a na-eji ewepu njide edobere mbụ na ngwugwu wee nye ohere ịwụnye, kwalite na wepu ngwugwu.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, maka ịme ngwugwu kwuo apache2 adịghị maka ịwụnye, nkwalite ma ọ bụ iwepụ, ị nwere ike iji iwu na-esonụ na njedebe nwere ikike mgbọrọgwụ:

# apt-mark hold apache2

Iji mee ka ngwungwu a dị maka mmelite, dị nnọọ dochie 'jide' na 'enweghị'.

# apt-mark unhold apache2

Iji Faịlụ Mmasị APT igbochi mmelite ngwugwu

Ụzọ ọzọ isi gbochie mmelite nke otu ngwugwu bụ ịgbakwunye ntinye ya na /etc/apt/preferencesma ọ bụ /etc/apt/preferences.d/official-package-repositories.pref faịlụ. Faịlụ a nwere ọrụ nke imelite ma ọ bụ igbochi ụfọdụ mmelite ngwungwu dịka ihe kacha mkpa onye ọrụ kwuru siri dị.

Iji gbochie ngwugwu ahụ, naanị ị ga-etinye aha ya, njirimara agbakwunyere, yana ihe kacha mkpa ịchọrọ iburu ya. Ebe a, mkpa < 1 ga-egbochi ngwugwu ahụ.

Maka igbochi ngwugwu ọ bụla, naanị tinye nkọwa ya na faịlụ /etc/apt/preferences dị ka nke a:

Package: <package-name> (Here, '*' means all packages)
Pin: release *
Pin-Priority: <less than 0>

Dịka ọmụmaatụ igbochi mmelite maka ngwugwu apache2 tinye ntinye dịka egosiri:

Package: apache2
Pin: release o=Ubuntu
Pin-Priority: 1

Anyị nwere ike iji nhọrọ ndị ọzọ nwere isiokwu ntọhapụ maka ịmata ngwungwu ọzọ nke anyị na-etinye n'ihe dị mkpa Pin. Isi okwu ndị ahụ bụ:

  1. a -> Ebe nchekwa
  2. c -> Akụkụ
  3. o -> Mmalite
  4. l -> Akara
  5. n -> Architecture

dị ka:

Pin: release o=Debian,a=Experimental

Ọ ga-apụta ịdọrọ ngwungwu ekwuputara na ebe nchekwa nnwale Debian.

Tinye aha mmelite ngwugwu site na iji APT Wepu faịlụ

Ụzọ ọzọ ị ga-esi depụta ngwugwu site na nrụnye bụ imelite ntinye ya n'otu faịlụ dị na /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/ directory bụ 01autoremove.

E gosipụtara faịlụ nlele n'okpuru:

APT
{
  NeverAutoRemove
  {
        "^firmware-linux.*";
        "^linux-firmware$";
  };

  VersionedKernelPackages
  {
        # linux kernels
        "linux-image";
        "linux-headers";
        "linux-image-extra";
        "linux-signed-image";
        # kfreebsd kernels
        "kfreebsd-image";
        "kfreebsd-headers";
        # hurd kernels
        "gnumach-image";
        # (out-of-tree) modules
        ".*-modules";
        ".*-kernel";
        "linux-backports-modules-.*";
        # tools
        "linux-tools";
  };

  Never-MarkAuto-Sections
  {
        "metapackages";
        "restricted/metapackages";
        "universe/metapackages";
        "multiverse/metapackages";
        "oldlibs";
        "restricted/oldlibs";
        "universe/oldlibs";
        "multiverse/oldlibs";
  };
};

Ugbu a, maka idebe ngwungwu ọ bụla blacklist, naanị mkpa itinye aha ya na Never-MarkAuto-Sections. Naanị tinye aha ngwugwu ahụ na njedebe na Never-MarkAuto-Section na Chekwa na Mechie faịlụ ahụ. Nke a ga-egbochi apt maka ịchọ mmelite ọzọ nke ngwugwu ahụ.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ka ịdepụta ngwugwu ojii site na mmelite tinye ntinye dịka egosiri:

Never-MarkAuto-Sections
  {
        "metapackages";
        "restricted/metapackages";
        "universe/metapackages";
        "multiverse/metapackages";
        "oldlibs";
        "restricted/oldlibs";
        "universe/oldlibs";
        "multiverse/oldlibs";
        "apache2*";
  };
};

Nhọrọ ngwugwu omenala maka mmelite

Nhọrọ ọzọ maka nke a bụ ịhọrọ ihe ịchọrọ imelite. Ngwá ọrụ dabara adaba na-enye gị ohere ịhọrọ ihe ịchọrọ imelite, mana maka nke a, ị ga-amata ihe ngwugwu niile dị maka nkwalite.

Maka ụdị ihe a, ịgbaso usoro iwu nwere ike ịbara gị uru:

a. Ka edepụta ihe ngwugwu nwere mmelite na-eche.

# apt-get -u -V upgrade

b. Ka ịwụnye naanị nchịkọta nhọrọ.

# apt-get --only-upgrade install <package-name>

Mmechi

N'isiokwu a, anyị akọwala ụzọ ole na ole iji gbanyụọ/igbochi ma ọ bụ mmelite ngwugwu site na iji ụzọ APT. Ọ bụrụ na ị maara ụzọ ọ bụla a họọrọ, mee ka anyị mara site na nkwupụta ma ọ bụ ọ bụrụ na ị na-achọ iwu yum iji gbanyụọ/igbachi ngwugwu, wee gụọ nke a n'okpuru isiokwu.