Ụzọ 4 iji gbanyụọ/kpọchie ụfọdụ mmelite ngwugwu site na iji iwu Yum

Onye njikwa ngwugwu bụ ngwanrọ na-enye onye ọrụ ohere ịwụnye ngwanrọ ọhụrụ, nwelite sistemụ, ma ọ bụ na-emelite sọftụwia ọ bụla na ụdị ihe. N'ihe banyere sistemụ Linux nke otu ngwanrọ nwere ọtụtụ ntụkwasị obi nke achọrọ ka ọ dị na sistemụ maka nrụnye ngwanrọ ahụ zuru oke, sọftụwia dị ka njikwa ngwugwu na-aghọ ngwa ọrụ dị mkpa na sistemụ ọ bụla.

Ọkwọ ụgbọ mmiri nkesa Linux ọ bụla na njikwa ngwugwu ndabara ya maka arụrụ ọrụ arụpụtara n'elu, mana n'ime ndị a kacha hụ bụ: yum na sistemụ RHEL na Fedora (ebe a na-eji DNF dochie ya ugbu a site na Fedora 22+ gaa n'ihu) yana dabara na Debian.

Ọ bụrụ na ị na-achọ ngwá ọrụ APT iji gbochie ma ọ bụ gbanyụọ ụfọdụ mmelite ngwugwu, mgbe ahụ ị ga-agụ akụkọ a.

Dnf ma ọ bụ Danified yum na-edochi yum na sistemụ Fedora bụ nke ọzọ na ndepụta anyị. Ọ bụrụ na enyocha ya nke ọma, enwere ike iji njikwa ngwugwu ndị a maka ọrụ ndị a:

Wụnye ngwanrọ ọhụrụ site na ebe nchekwa.
Kpebie ndabere nke ngwanro ahụ site na ịwụnye ndabere ndị ahụ tupu ịwụnye ngwanro.
Idokwa nchekwa data ndabere nke ngwanro ọ bụla.
Ụdị mbelata nke ngwanro ọ bụla dị.
Na-emelite ụdị kernel.
Ngwugwu ndepụta dị maka nrụnye.

Anyị ekpuchilarị akụkọ zuru ezu iche iche na onye njikwa ngwugwu ọ bụla nwere ihe atụ bara uru, ị ga-agụrịrị ya iji jikwaa na njikwa ngwugwu na nkesa Linux gị.

Gụkwuo:

Ịmụta iwu Yum na ihe atụ 20 a bara uru
27 Iwu DNF iji jikwaa ngwugwu na ụdị Fedora 22+
Mụta Iwu APT 25 iji jikwaa ngwugwu Ubuntu

N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-ahụ ka esi kpọchie/gbanyụọ ụfọdụ mmelite ngwugwu site na iji njikwa ngwugwu Yum na RHEL/CentOS na Fedora sistemu (dị ruo Fedora 21, emesia ọhụrụ Fedora ụdị ụgbọ mmiri na dnf dị ka ndabere ngwugwu).

Gbanyụọ/kpọchie mmelite ngwugwu site na iji Yum

Yellow dog Updater, Modified (yum) bụ ngwa njikwa ngwugwu na nkesa RedHat dị ka CentOS na Fedora. Atụle usoro dị iche iche ejiri kpọchie/ gbanyụọ mmelite ngwugwu site na iji Yum n'okpuru:

1. Mepee ma dezie faịlụ yum.conf, nke dị na /etc/yum.conf ma ọ bụ na /etc/yum/yum.conf.

Ọ dị ka n'okpuru:

[main]
cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever
keepcache=0
debuglevel=2
logfile=/var/log/yum.log
exactarch=1
obsoletes=1
gpgcheck=1
plugins=1
installonly_limit=5
bugtracker_url=http://bugs.centos.org/set_project.php?project_id=23&ref=http://bugs.centos.org/bug_report_page.php?category=yum
distroverpkg=centos-release
...

N'ebe a, ka ewepu ụfọdụ ngwugwu na nrụnye ma ọ bụ nkwalite, naanị ị ga-agbakwunye mgbanwe mgbanwe yana aha ngwugwu ịchọrọ iwepụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na achọrọ m iwepụ ngwungwu python-3 na imelite, mgbe ahụ, a ga m etinye ahịrị na-esonụ na yum.conf:

exclude=python-3*

Maka ihe karịrị otu ngwugwu ewepu naanị aha ha site na oghere.

exclude=httpd php

[main]
cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever
keepcache=0
debuglevel=2
logfile=/var/log/yum.log
exactarch=1
obsoletes=1
gpgcheck=1
plugins=1
installonly_limit=5
bugtracker_url=http://bugs.centos.org/set_project.php?project_id=23&ref=http://bugs.centos.org/bug_report_page.php?category=yum
distroverpkg=centos-release
exclude=python-3*        [Exclude Single Package]
exclude=httpd php        [Exclude Multiple Packages]
...

Mara: ka itinye ngwungwu ndị a, na-eleghara ndenye na yum.conf, jiri \-disableexcludes ma tọọ ya na ihe niile|isi|nkwughachi, ebe 'isi' bụ ndị abanye na yum.conf na ' repoid' bụ ndị akọwapụtara mwepu ha na ndekọ repos.d, dịka akọwara n'ikpeazụ.

Ugbu a, ka anyị gbalịa ịwụnye ma ọ bụ melite ngwugwu akọwapụtara ma hụ iwu yum ga-ewepụ ha ịwụnye ma ọ bụ na-emelite.

# yum install httpd php

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, versionlock
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
 * epel: mirror.wanxp.id
 * extras: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
 * updates: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
Nothing to do

# yum update httpd php

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, versionlock
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
 * epel: mirror.wanxp.id
 * extras: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
 * updates: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
No packages marked for update

2. N'elu bụ ihe ngwọta na-adịgide adịgide iji wepụ ngwugwu dịka ọ gwụla ma edeziri faịlụ ahụ, ngwugwu ahụ agaghị emelite. Nke a bụ ngwọta nwa oge maka nke a kwa. Naanị mgbe ị na-aga maka mmelite ọ bụla, jiri -x gbanwee iwu yum ka ewepu ngwugwu nke ị na-achọghị imelite, dị ka:

# yum -x python-3 update

Iwu a dị n'elu ga-emelite ngwugwu niile nke mmelite ha dị, ewezuga python-3 na sistemụ gị.

N'ebe a, maka iwepụ ọtụtụ ngwugwu, jiri -x ọtụtụ oge, ma ọ bụ aha ngwugwu dị iche na , na otu mgba ọkụ.

# yum -x httpd -x php update
OR
# yum -x httpd,php update

3. Iji --exclude mgba ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka -x, dị nnọọ mkpa dochie -x na -exclude ma nyefee , ndepụta ngwugwu aha kewapụrụ na ya.

# yum --exclude httpd,php

4. Maka ngwugwu ọ bụla arụnyere site na isi iyi ọ bụla dị na mpụga site na ịgbakwunye ebe nchekwa, enwere ụzọ ọzọ iji kwụsị nkwalite ya n'ọdịnihu. Enwere ike ime nke a site na idezi faịlụ .repo nke emebere na /etc/yum/repos.d/ ma ọ bụ /etc/yum.repos.d directory.

Tinye nhọrọ mwepu na aha ngwugwu na repo. Dị ka: ka ewepu ngwugwu ọ bụla kwuo mmanya sitere na epel repo, tinye ahịrị a na faịlụ epel.repo:

[epel]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch
#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/$basearch
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-7&arch=$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
exclude=wine

Ugbu a gbalịa imelite ngwugwu mmanya, ị ga-enweta njehie dị ka egosiri n'okpuru:

# yum update wine

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, versionlock
epel/x86_64/metalink                                    | 5.6 kB     00:00     
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
 * epel: mirror.wanxp.id
 * extras: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
 * updates: mirror.nbrc.ac.in
No Match for argument: wine
No package wine available.
No packages marked for update

5. Ụzọ ọzọ na yum iji kpuchie ụdị ngwugwu ọ bụla si otú a na-eme ka ọ ghara ịdị maka nkwalite, bụ iji versionlock nhọrọ nke yum, ma ime nke a, ị ghaghị yum-plugin-versionlock ngwugwu. arụnyere na usoro.

# yum -y install yum-versionlock

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, iji kpọchie ụdị ngwugwu kwuo httpd ka 2.4.6 naanị, dee naanị iwu dị ka mgbọrọgwụ.

# yum versionlock add httpd

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, versionlock
Adding versionlock on: 0:httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.centos
versionlock added: 1

Ka ilele ngwungwu akpọchiri, jiri iwu na-esonụ ga-edepụta ngwungwu ndị akpọchiri ụdịdị.

# yum versionlock list httpd

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, versionlock
0:httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.*
versionlock list done

Mmechi

Ndị a bụ ndụmọdụ ole na ole ga-enyere gị aka gbanyụọ/mkpọchi ngwugwu site na iji njikwa ngwugwu yum. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere aghụghọ ọ bụla ọzọ ime otu ihe ahụ, ị nwere ike ịza ha na anyị.