Otu esi eji ngwa Debian Goodies 8 bara uru iji jikwaa ngwugwu Debian
Debian-goodies bụ ngwungwu na-agụnye ngwa ngwa igbe igbe eji ejikwa Debian na sistemu ya dị ka Ubuntu, Kali Linux. A na-emepụta ihe ndị dị n'okpuru ngwugwu a n'ụzọ dị otú a iji jikọta ya na ọtụtụ ngwá ọrụ shei a ma ama na ndị ọzọ gụnyere n'ihi na enweghị ike ịmepụta ha dị ka ngwugwu nke ha na nkesa Linux dabeere na Debian.
N'ime ntuziaka a, anyị ga-eleba anya ka esi eji akụrụngwa n'okpuru ngwugwu debian-goodies nke gụnyere dglob, debget, dpigs, dgrep, debmany, checkrestart, popbugs na nke-pkg-broke.
Ka anyị hụ nkọwa nke ngwaọrụ ọ bụla n'okpuru:
- dglob – Mepụta ndepụta aha ngwugwu dabara na ụkpụrụ
- dgrep - Chọọ faịlụ niile dị na ngwugwu enyere maka regex
- dpigs – Gosipụta ngwungwu arụnyere bụ nke kacha ohere diski
- kwụ ụgwọ – Nweta .deb maka ngwugwu na nchekwa data APT
- debmany – Họrọ manpages nke ngwugwu arụnyere ma ọ bụ wepụrụ
- check malitegharịa – Chọta wee malitegharịa usoro nke na-eji ụdị faịlụ emelitere emechiela
- popbugs – Gosi akụkọ ntọhapụ ahaziri ahazi nke dabere na ngwungwu ị na-eji
- nke-pkg-mebiri - Chọta nke ngwugwu nwere ike agbajikwa ọzọ
Ndị a bụ ngwa bara uru nke ukwuu nwere ike ime ka nchịkwa Sistemụ dịkwuo mfe karịa mgbe ejiri ya na ngwaọrụ shei ndị ọzọ. N'ezie, ngwá ọrụ Debian-goodies na-egosi ozi ndị ọzọ gbasara ngwugwu karịa ngwaọrụ ọkọlọtọ dị ka dpkg na ngwaọrụ dabara adaba.
Otu esi etinye Debian-goodies na Debian, Ubuntu na Linux Mint
Iji wụnye ngwugwu debian-goodies, mee iwu a n'okpuru.
# sudo apt-get install debian-goodies
Ozugbo etinyere ngwungwu debian-goodies, ugbu a bụ oge ịlele ojiji nke ngwa ọ bụla ngwungwu a nyere na edemede ndị ọzọ.
Otu esi eji Debian-Goodies Utilities
dglob na-ewepụta ndepụta aha ngwugwu ma ọ bụ faịlụ dịka akọwapụtara na ụkpụrụ. Iji wepụta aha ngwugwu niile, mee naanị dglob ma ọ bụ tinye nhọrọ -a.
[email :~# dglob fonts-sil-abyssinica libatk-adaptor openoffice-onlineupdate libvorbisfile3 libquadmath0 libxkbfile1 linux-sound-base python-apt-common python-gi-cairo libgs9-common libgom-1.0-common libqt5qml5 libgtk2.0-bin libregexp-common-perl evolution-data-server libaccount-plugin-generic-oauth bind9-host libhtml-tagset-perl iputils-ping libcgmanager0 evince ...
Iji chọpụta ma ngwugwu dị na sistemụ gị, jiri aha ngwugwu mee dglob. N'ihe atụ dị n'okpuru, anyị ga-achọ Firefox, Apache2 na debain-goodies.
[email :~# dglob firefox firefox-locale-en unity-scope-firefoxbookmarks firefox [email :~# dglob apache2 apache2 apache2-utils apache2-bin apache2-data [email :~# dglob debian-goodies debian-goodies
Ị nwere ike ibipụta ndepụta faịlụ niile dị na ngwugwu akọwapụtara site na iji -f nhọrọ.
[email :~# dglob -f firefox /usr/share/doc/firefox-locale-en/copyright /usr/share/doc/firefox-locale-en/changelog.Debian.gz /usr/lib/firefox-addons/extensions/[email /usr/lib/firefox-addons/extensions/[email /usr/lib/firefox/distribution/searchplugins/locale/en-ZA/amazondotcom.xml /usr/lib/firefox/distribution/searchplugins/locale/en-ZA/google.xml /usr/lib/firefox/distribution/searchplugins/locale/en-ZA/ddg.xml /usr/lib/firefox/distribution/searchplugins/locale/en-GB/google.xml /usr/lib/firefox/distribution/searchplugins/locale/en-GB/amazon-en-GB.xml /usr/lib/firefox/distribution/searchplugins/locale/en-GB/ddg.xml /usr/lib/firefox/webapprt/extensions/[email /usr/lib/firefox/webapprt/extensions/[email /usr/share/unity/scopes/web/firefoxbookmarks.scope /usr/share/unity-scopes/firefoxbookmarks/unity_firefoxbookmarks_daemon.py /usr/share/unity-scopes/firefoxbookmarks/__init__.py /usr/share/doc/unity-scope-firefoxbookmarks/copyright ....
A na-eji ike dgreb iji chọọ faịlụ na aha ngwugwu akọwapụtara maka nkwupụta oge niile. Ọ na-esite na faịlụ nke ngwugwu arụnyere na sistemụ gị yana ọtụtụ nhọrọ ejiri ya bụ nke ejiri grep ma ewezuga ole na ole.
Iji kọwapụta ụkpụrụ, jiri nhọrọ -e dị ka ndị a.
[email :~# dgrep -e README apache2 /usr/sbin/apache2ctl: echo Setting ulimit failed. See README.Debian for more information. >&2 /usr/sbin/a2enmod: info( "See /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian.gz on " /etc/apache2/mods-available/autoindex.conf: AddIcon /icons/hand.right.gif README /etc/apache2/mods-available/autoindex.conf: # ReadmeName is the name of the README file the server will look for by /etc/apache2/mods-available/autoindex.conf: ReadmeName README.html /etc/apache2/mods-available/cache_disk.conf: # /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian, and the htcacheclean(8) /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl.conf: # /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian.gz for more info. ...
Iji bipụta aha faịlụ ntinye ọ bụla nke a ga-esi na ya bipụta, jiri nhọrọ -l.
[email :~# dgrep -l conf apache2 /usr/sbin/a2query /usr/sbin/apache2ctl /usr/sbin/a2enmod /usr/share/doc/apache2/migrate-sites.pl /usr/share/doc/apache2/copyright /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.multiple-instances /usr/share/doc/apache2/examples/setup-instance /usr/share/doc/apache2/examples/secondary-init-script /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.backtrace /usr/share/apache2/apache2-maintscript-helper /usr/share/lintian/overrides/apache2 /etc/bash_completion.d/apache2 /etc/init.d/apache2 ...
Iji gosi naanị akụkụ dakọtara nke ahịrị dakọtara, jiri nhọrọ -o.
[email :~# dgrep -o conf apache2 /usr/sbin/a2query:conf /usr/sbin/a2query:conf /usr/sbin/a2query:conf /usr/sbin/a2query:conf /usr/sbin/a2query:conf /usr/sbin/a2query:conf /usr/sbin/a2query:conf /usr/sbin/a2query:conf ...
A na-eji akụrụngwa a gosi ngwungwu ejirila ohere kachasị na sistemụ gị. Ọ dị ezigbo mkpa karịsịa mgbe ohere na-agwụ ma chọọ iwepụ ụfọdụ ngwugwu.
Iji chọpụta ngwungwu na-eri ohere kachasị na sistemụ gị, mee naanị iwu a.
[email :~# dpigs 158762 linux-image-extra-4.2.0-16-generic 157066 linux-image-extra-3.19.0-31-generic 155037 wine1.8-amd64 143459 wine1.8-i386 103364 linux-firmware 100412 firefox 96741 openjdk-8-jre-headless 96302 libgl1-mesa-dri 90808 thunderbird 90652 liboxideqtcore0
Ị nwere ike iji nhọrọ -H gụọ nha ngwungwu n'ụdị mmadụ nwere ike ịgụ.
[email :~# dpigs -H 155.0M linux-image-extra-4.2.0-16-generic 153.4M linux-image-extra-3.19.0-31-generic 151.4M wine1.8-amd64 140.1M wine1.8-i386 100.9M linux-firmware 98.1M firefox 94.5M openjdk-8-jre-headless 94.0M libgl1-mesa-dri 88.7M thunderbird 88.5M liboxideqtcore0
Iji kọwapụta ọnụọgụ ngwungwu enyere na ewepu ndabara nke bụ 10, jiri nhọrọ -n.
[email :~# dpigs -H -n 15 155.0M linux-image-extra-4.2.0-16-generic 153.4M linux-image-extra-3.19.0-31-generic 151.4M wine1.8-amd64 140.1M wine1.8-i386 100.9M linux-firmware 98.1M firefox 94.5M openjdk-8-jre-headless 94.0M libgl1-mesa-dri 88.7M thunderbird 88.5M liboxideqtcore0 87.9M libgl1-mesa-dri 81.3M openoffice-core04 77.8M fonts-horai-umefont 64.2M linux-headers-4.2.0-16 61.5M ubuntu-docs
Iji chọọ enyemaka n'iji dpigs, jiri nhọrọ -h.
[email :~# dpigs -h
Usage: dpigs [options]
Options:
-n, --lines=N
Display the N largest packages on the system (default 10).
-s, --status=status-file
Use status-file instead of the default dpkg status file.
-S, --source
Display the largest source packages of binary packages installed
on the system.
-H, --human-readable
Display package sizes in human-readable format (like ls -lh or du -h)
-h, --help
Display this message.
A na-eji ụgwọ akwụ ụgwọ iji nweta .deb maka ngwugwu sitere na nchekwa data ngwugwu APT. N'ihe atụ ndị na-esote anyị ga-ebubata faịlụ .deb maka ọrụ apache2, zip na tar.
[email :~# debget apache2 (apache2 -> 2.4.12-2ubuntu2)
[email :~# debget zip
(zip -> 3.0-11)
Downloading zip from http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/z/zip/zip_3.0-11_amd64.deb
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 0 154k 0 1211 0 0 2039 0 0:01:17 --:--:-- 0:01:17 47 154k 47 75059 0 0 44694 0 0:00:03 0:00:01 0:00:02 100 154k 100 154k 0 0 74182 0 0:00:02 0:00:02 --:--:-- 74220
[email :~# debget tar
(tar -> 1.27.1-2)
Downloading tar from http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/t/tar/tar_1.27.1-2_amd64.deb
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 15 191k 15 30155 0 0 48338 0 0:00:04 --:--:-- 0:00:04 100 191k 100 191k 0 0 201k 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 201k
Ngwunye ụgwọ ụgwọ niile ewepụtara.
[email :~# dir -hl total 348K -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 86K Dec 30 12:46 apache2_2.4.7-1ubuntu4.6_amd64.deb -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 192K Dec 30 12:46 tar_1.27.1-2_amd64.deb -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 155K Dec 30 12:46 zip_3.0-11_amd64.deb
A na-eji ya họrọ ibe ntinye akwụkwọ ntuziaka nke ngwugwu arụnyere ma ọ bụ nke etinyere na sistemụ gị. Ngwa a na-enye gị ohere ịlele akwụkwọ ozi niile nke ngwugwu.
Ụfọdụ n'ime nhọrọ ndị a ị nwere ike iji na debmany gosipụta manpage site na iji ihe nlele gị:
Ọ bụrụ na ị na-eji gburugburu desktọpụ KDE, jiri nhọrọ -k iji kfmclient.
[email :~# debmany -k tar
Mara: Enweghị m KDE DE arụnyere na sistemụ m, yabụ na ọ siri ike igosipụta mmepụta nke iwu dị n'elu.
Ọ bụrụ na ị na-eji GNOME gburugburu desktọpụ, jiri -g nhọrọ iji gnome-open.
[email :~# debmany -g tar
Ọ bụrụ na ị na-eji KDE/GNOME/Xfce gburugburu desktọpụ, jiri nhọrọ -x iji kdg-open.
[email :~# debmany -x tar
Jide n'aka na etinyere ndị na-ekiri n'elu tupu ị nwee ike iji ha ma ọ bụ ọzọ ị nwere ike nweta mperi.
A na-eji chechstart chọta na malitegharịa usoro ndị na-eji ụdị faịlụ ochie nke emelitere.
Ka ijiri malitegharịa na usoro niile, jiri nhọrọ -a.
[email :~# checkrestart -a
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfsd-fuse file system /run/user/1000/gvfs
Output information may be incomplete.
Found 30 processes using old versions of upgraded files
(28 distinct programs)
(23 distinct packages)
Of these, 1 seem to contain systemd service definitions or init scripts which can be used to restart them.
The following packages seem to have definitions that could be used
to restart their services:
openssh-server:
1947 /usr/sbin/sshd
1889 /usr/sbin/sshd
These are the initd scripts:
service ssh restart
...
Iji kọwapụta naanị nhazi faịlụ ehichapụrụ na-agbakwunye na ngwugwu enyere na sistemụ, jiri nhọrọ -p.
[email :~# checkrestart -p
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfsd-fuse file system /run/user/1000/gvfs
Output information may be incomplete.
Found 0 processes using old versions of upgraded files
Ị nwere ike ịmepụta ozi mmepụta zuru ezu site na iji -v nhọrọ.
[email :~# checkrestart -v
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfsd-fuse file system /run/user/1000/gvfs
Output information may be incomplete.
Found 1 processes using old versions of upgraded files
(1 distinct program)
[DEBUG] Process /usr/bin/update-manager (PID: 2027)
List of deleted files in use:
/var/cache/apt/pkgcache.bin
/var/lib/dpkg/status (deleted)
/var/cache/apt/pkgcache.bin
/var/lib/dpkg/status (deleted)
/var/cache/apt/pkgcache.bin
/var/lib/dpkg/status (deleted)
/var/cache/apt/pkgcache.bin
/var/lib/dpkg/status (deleted)
[DEBUG] Running:['dpkg-query', '--search', '/usr/bin/update-manager']
[DEBUG] Reading line from dpkg-query: update-manager: /usr/bin/update-manager
[DEBUG] Found package update-manager for program /usr/bin/update-manager
(1 distinct packages)
[DEBUG] Running:['dpkg-query', '--listfiles', 'update-manager']
These processes (1) do not seem to have an associated init script to restart them:
update-manager:
2027 /usr/bin/update-manager
A na-eji ya gosi ndepụta ntọhapụ ahaziri ahazi-dị mkpa dabere na ngwungwu ị na-ejikarị na sistemụ gị. Mgbe ị na-agba ọsọ popbugs na-enweghị nhọrọ ọ bụla maka oge mbụ, ọ ga-egosi gị ozi dịka nke dị n'okpuru.
[email :~# popbugs
There is no popularity-contest data present on your system. This
probably means that popularity-contest has not yet run since it
was installed. Try waiting for /etc/cron.daily/popularity-contest to
to collect some data or manually run (as root user):
/usr/sbin/popularity-contest >/var/log/popularity-contest
Iji wepụta ndekọ ama ama-asọmpi, mee iwu a n'okpuru.
[email :~# /usr/sbin/popularity-contest > /var/log/popularity-contest
Iji chekwaa mmepụta na faịlụ, jiri nhọrọ -output=/path/to/file. Faịlụ mmepụta kwesịrị ịbụ faịlụ html.
[email :~# popbugs --output=/tmp/output.html
Ka ilele faịlụ mmepụta mepee faịlụ site na ihe nchọgharị weebụ site na ịkọwa ọnọdụ faịlụ.
Iji gosipụta ozi nbibi, jiri nhọrọ -d.
[email :~# popbugs --d POPCON: Adding package zeitgeist-core POPCON: Adding package upstart POPCON: Adding package unity-gtk2-module POPCON: Adding package whoopsie POPCON: Adding package xserver-xorg-input-evdev POPCON: Adding package unity-services POPCON: Adding package zlib1g POPCON: Adding package xserver-xorg-core ..
A na-eji ya chọta ngwugwu ndị mebiri ngwugwu ọzọ. Mgbe ụfọdụ enwere ike imebi sistemụ gị site na ngwugwu ụfọdụ ọkachasị mgbe ị na-ebulite ya. Yabụ kedu nke-pkg-broke nwere ike inyere gị aka ịchọta ngwungwu mebiri sistemu gị ma ọ bụ otu ngwugwu na sistemụ.
Iji chọpụta ngwugwu agbajiri apache2, mee iwu a n'okpuru.
[email :~# which-pkg-broke apache2 Package apache2 has no install time info Package mysql-common has no install time info Package libaprutil1-ldap has no install time info Package has no install time info Package libmysqlclient18 has no install time info Package has no install time info Package libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3 has no install time info Package has no install time info Package libaprutil1-dbd-mysql has no install time info Package apache2-utils has no install time info Package libpq5 has no install time info Package apache2-data has no install time info Package libaprutil1-dbd-pgsql has no install time info Package libaprutil1-dbd-odbc has no install time info libacl1:amd64 Wed Apr 22 17:31:54 2015 libattr1:amd64 Wed Apr 22 17:31:54 2015 insserv Wed Apr 22 17:31:54 2015 libc6:amd64 Wed Apr 22 17:31:55 2015 ...
Nchịkọta
Enwere ọtụtụ ngwa ndị ọzọ metụtara ndị anyị lere anya, nke anyị nwere ike ịmụta maka ya n'isiokwu ndị na-esote. Echere na ịchọta ntuziaka a bara uru ma ọ bụrụ na ịnweta njehie ọ bụla mgbe ị na-eji ha ma ọ bụ nwee echiche ọ bụla ọzọ ị gbakwunye, biko bipute okwu. Jikọọ na Tecmint.