13 Ebe mepere emepe LightWeight Desktop Environments m chọpụtara na 2015

Okwu ahụ bụ 'Open Source' nwere ike ịsị na obodo Linux nke wetara ya na ntinye nke Linux (onye nọchiri Unix Operating System dị ugbu a). Ọ bụ ezie na 'Linux' n'onwe ya malitere dị ka naanị kernel ntọala, ọdịdị imeghe ya dọtara nnukwu ọha mmadụ nke ndị mmepe n'ụwa nile iji nye aka na mmepe ya.

Nke a mepụtara mgbanwe n'ụwa niile na ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na obodo malitere inye aka mee ka ọ bụrụ Sistemụ arụmọrụ zuru oke nke nwere ike dochie Unix. Mgbe ahụ gaa n'ihu, enwebeghị nlọghachi azụ na mmepe na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu.

Nke a mere ka ewebata nkesa dị ka Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora, CentOS, OpenSUSE, Red Hat, Arch, Linux Mint, wdg bụ ndị na-eji Linux dị ka kernel ha.

• Nkesa Linux kacha mma maka ndị mbido
• Nkesa Linux 10 na ndị ọrụ ha ezubere iche
• 10 Nkesa Linux kacha mma maka nrụpụta

Site na nke a kwadoro ka ewebata gburugburu Desktọpụ. Kedu ihe bụ gburugburu Desktọpụ a na gịnị bụ ọrụ ya?

Ebumnuche bụ isi nke nkesa Linux bụ ime ka ndị ọrụ jiri ike nke Linux OS. Maka nke a, ọ chọrọ interface nke nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ dị ka àkwà mmiri maka ime ka kernel ghọta ma hazie ihe ndị ọrụ chọrọ n'ụzọ dị mfe.

Environment na Desktọpụ na-eme nke a. Ọ bụ ihe eserese eserese na-egosi Onye ọrụ, kernel efu n'ụzọ dị mfe. Ya mere, gburugburu Desktọpụ na-enye onye ọrụ ọrụ niile nke kernel n'ụzọ mara mma ma dị mma.

Ngwa ndị mejupụtara Gburugburu Desktọpụ gụnyere ihe nchọgharị, njikwa ihe ngosi, yana ngwa ndị ọzọ na akụrụngwa ị nwere ike iche maka sistemụ arụmọrụ.

[Ị nwekwara ike ịmasị: 10 Gburugburu Desktọpụ Linux kacha mma na oge niile]

Ya mere, abụọ n'ime isi ihe nkesa Linux bụ kernel na Desktop Environment. N'okpuru ebe a ka akpọtụrụ ụfọdụ gburugburu Desktọpụ dị fechaa nke dọtara nkesa ka ha mee ka ha bụrụ ebe nchekwa desktọpụ ha n'ihi atụmatụ na arụmọrụ ha.

1. Xfce

Xfce bụ ebe desktọpụ mepere emepe maka sistemụ Unix dị ka emepụtara na C. N'ịbụ ndị dị ngwa na ịdị arọ, a naghị atụ anya na ọ ga-enye CPU na ebe nchekwa nsogbu ọbụlagodi na kọmpụta ochie.

Ihe mejupụtara ya bụ akụkụ ahaziri ahazi nke na-ejikọta ọnụ iji mejupụta gburugburu desktọpụ zuru oke.

Ụfọdụ akụkụ Xfce gụnyere:

• Xfwm : njikwa windo na-edepụta.
• Thunar : Njikwa faili, nke yiri Nautilus mana ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma yana yabụ ngwa ngwa.
• Orage: Ngwa kalenda ezighi ezi maka Xfce.
• Mousepad: Onye nchịkọta akụkọ faịlụ nke kpọpụrụ na mbụ site na Leafpad, mana ugbu a na-arụsi ọrụ ike ma na-echekwa ya site na ọkọ.
• Parole: Ihe ọkpụkpọ mgbasa ozi dabere na usoro Gstreamer emere maka Xfce.
• Xfburn: CD/DVD burner maka Xfce.

2. LXDE

LXDE na-anọchi anya gburugburu desktọọpụ X11 dị ọkụ nke bụ ebe desktọpụ ọzọ na-ewu ewu maka sistemụ Unix, nke emepụtara site na iji C (GTK+) na C++ (Qt).

Nnukwu uru ịnweta ya dị ka nhọrọ gị maka gburugburu desktọpụ bụ ebe nchekwa ya dị ala nke dị ala karịa nke gburugburu desktọọpụ kachasị ewu ewu bụ GNOME, KDE, na Xfce. Ọ gụnyere ma koodu ikike GPL na LGPL.

Ngwa ndị etemeete LXDE gụnyere:

• LXDM – Onye njikwa ihe ngosi.
• LXMusic – Ngwa egwu ezighi ezi maka XMMS2.
• Leafpad – Onye ndezi ederede ndabara maka LXDE.
• Openbox – Onye njikwa mpio.
• LXTask – Onye njikwa ọrụ an-kpọ.
• Onye njikwa faili PC – Onye njikwa faili ndapụta yana onye na-eweta ihe atụ nke desktọpụ.

LXDE bụ ebe desktọọpụ ndabara maka ọtụtụ nkesa gụnyere Lubuntu, Knoppix, LXLE Linux, Artix na Peppermint Linux OS - n'etiti ndị ọzọ.

3. GNOME 3

GNOME bụ acronym maka GNU Network Object Model na bụ otu gburugburu desktọpụ mejupụtara kpamkpam nke free na-emeghe ngwaọrụ. Edere ya na C, C ++, Python, Vala, na Javascript, GNOME bụ akụkụ nke ọrụ GNOME nke mejupụtara ma ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo na ndị nyere aka na-akwụ ụgwọ kacha ukwuu bụ Red Hat.

GNOME nọ ugbu a na mmepe na-arụ ọrụ yana ntọhapụ kwụsiri ike kachasị ọhụrụ bụ GNOME 40. GNOME na-agba na sistemụ Windows X yana kwa na Wayland kemgbe GNOME 3.10.

GNOME 40 dochiri ọtụtụ ihe na-amalite site na njikwa windo ndabara nke a na-agbanwe ugbu a na Metacity kama Mutter, a na-ekwu na ọ bụ mpaghara pụrụ iche a na-akpọ Overview, GNOME core ngwa na-emezigharị iji nye ahụmịhe onye ọrụ ka mma.

Ngwa nke GNOME gụnyere:

• Metacity – Onye njikwa windo ndapụta.
• Nautilus – Njikwa faili ndabara.
• gedit – Onye ndezi ederede .
• Anya nke GNOME – Ihe nlere onyonyo.
• Vidiyo GNOME – Ihe ọkpụkpọ vidiyo .
• Epiphany – Ihe Nchọgharị Weebụ.

4. NNE

MATE bụ gburugburu desktọpụ ọzọ maka sistemụ Unix. Ọ na-achọta mmalite ya site na koodu-isi nke GNOME 2. A na-emepụta ya na C, C ++, na Python na ikikere n'okpuru ọtụtụ ikikere na akụkụ ụfọdụ nke koodu n'okpuru GNU GPL, ebe akụkụ ndị ọzọ nọ n'okpuru LGPL.

Aha 'MATE' batara na foto a ka ọ dị iche na GNOME 3 nke bụ ebe desktọọpụ ọzọ. Ọ mejupụtara ma ngwa GNOME sitere na mbụ nke GNOME 2 yana ngwa ndị ọzọ emepụtara site na ọkọ.

Ngwa ndị etemeete gburugburu desktọpụ MATE bụ:

• Caja – njikwa faili ndabara.
• Pluma – ndezi ederede ndabara.
• Marco – njikwa windo.
• Atril – Onye na-ekiri akwụkwọ.
• Anya nke MATE – Onye na-ekiri ihe onyonyo.

Ebe ọ bụ na a tọhapụrụ ya, ọ bụ ebe ndabere desktọọpụ maka Linux Mint, Sabayon Linux, Fedora, wdg. E wezụga nke a, ọ dị n'ọtụtụ ebe nchekwa gụnyere Ubuntu, Arch, Debian, Gentoo, PC Linux OS, wdg. nke a, e nyere Ubuntu MATE ọkwa ụtọ Ubuntu mbụ.

5. KDE Plasma 5

KDE Plasma 5 bụ ọgbọ nke ise nke gburugburu desktọpụ KDE emebere maka sistemụ Linux. A kwagara na QML kemgbe mmepe ya, na-eji OpenGL maka ngwa ngwa ngwaike na-eduga n'iji CPU dị ala yana ịrụ ọrụ ka mma ọbụlagodi na sistemụ dị ọnụ ala.

A tọhapụrụ ọtụtụ akụkụ koodu ya n'okpuru GNU LGPL. Plasma 5 na-eji Sistemụ Window X na nkwado maka Wayland ka na-abịa. Ọ dochie Plasma 4 nke ọma na ọtụtụ nkesa Linux gụnyere Fedora, Kubuntu, na openSUSE Tumbleweed.

Plasma 5 na-enye nkwado dị mma maka HiDPI, yana ịkwaga na Qt5 nke na-ewe ihe osise kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na-enye GPU na-eme ka CPU ngwa ngwa. Ewezuga Plasma 5 a gụnyere isiokwu ndabara ọhụrụ akpọrọ Breeze.

Ngwa ndị etemeete KDE Plasma 5 gụnyere:

• Kwin – Onye njikwa mpio ndabara.
• Dolphin – Njikwa faili ndapụta.
• Kwrite/KATE – Onye ndezi ederede ezighi ezi.
• Greenview – Ihe nleba anya onyonyo.
• Ihe ọkpụkpọ Dragon – Ihe ọkpụkpọ vidiyo .

Ndị obodo KDE webakwara mkpanaka Plasma dị ka ụdị Plasma maka ekwentị. Plasma mobile na-agba ọsọ na Wayland ma dakọtara na Ubuntu mmetụ na emecha ngwa gam akporo. A tọhapụrụ interface ọhụrụ ya na July 2015, yana ụdị ọrụ maka Nexus 5.

[Ị nwekwara ike ịmasị: Otu esi etinye KDE Plasma na Ubuntu, Linux Mint, Fedora, na OpenSUSE]

6. Cinnamon

Ebe ọzọ desktọpụ sitere na GNOME bụ Cinnamon, mepụtara na C, Javascript, na Python wee wepụta ya n'okpuru GPLv2. Cinnamon malitere dị ka ndụdụ nke GNOME Shell, n'ebumnobi ịnye gburugburu desktọọpụ maka Linux Mint site na ndị mmepe Mint, ma n'ihi GUI dị iche iche karịa GNOME, ọtụtụ isi ngwa GNOME ka edegharịrị ka ọ dabara na gburugburu ebe obibi a.

Ọrụ cinnamon malitere na 2011 na ntọhapụ kwụsiri ike kachasị ọhụrụ bụ na Jenụwarị afọ a. Ka oge na-aga, Cinnamon abụrụla ọrụ nwere onwe ya na ọ dịghị achọ ntinye GNOME maka ya. Nkwalite ndị ọzọ na-agụnye ịhịa aka n'ọnụ, imeziwanye arụmọrụ, ịhịa aka n'ọnụ, wdg.

Ngwa ndị mejupụtara gburugburu ebe a bụ:

• Muffin – Onye njikwa mpio ndabara.
• Nemo – Njikwa faili ndabara.
• gedit – Onye ndezi ederede .
• Anya GNOME – Ihe nlere onyonyo ndabara.
• totem – Ihe ọkpụkpọ vidiyo .

7. Nghọta

Enlightenment, nke a makwaara dị ka E, bụ onye njikwa windo na-edepụta ihe maka sistemụ windo X, nke na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ yana ntọhapụ ọhụrụ bụ E24 0.24.2 n'afọ gara aga.

Emepụtara ya naanị na C site na iji EFL (Enlightenment Foundation Libraries) wee wepụta ya n'okpuru ikikere BSD. Nnukwu uru nke ọ na-enye bụ na enwere ike iji ya na mmemme edere maka GNOME na KDE. Mgbe ejiri ya na EFL, ọ na-abịa dị ka gburugburu desktọpụ zuru oke.

Ngwa ndị mebere gburugburu Desktọpụ Enlightenment bụ:

• Enlightenment – Onye njikwa windo na onye njikwa faịlụ.
• Ecrire – Onye ndezi ederede izizi.
• Efoto – Ihe nlere onyonyo.
• Ọnụma – Ihe ọkpụkpọ vidiyo.
• Okkuaka – ihe nchọgharị izizi.

8. Omimi

Amara dị ka Hiweed Linux na mbụ, Deepin bụ nkesa Linux dabere na Ubuntu nke na-eji gburugburu desktọpụ Deepin jikọtara ya. Wuhan Deepin Technology Co mepụtara ya na mbụ na 2014, na mwepụta kwụsiri ike kachasị ọhụrụ bụ na Mee nke afọ a.

A na-ewepụta ọtụtụ akụkụ ya n'okpuru GPL. Desktọpụ dị omimi, ọ bụ ezie na mbụ yiri nke GNOME, kewapụrụ ya na ya ka ahapụchara GNOME 3 n'ihi mwepụ nke ọtụtụ atụmatụ ahaziri. Mgbe ahụ gaa n'ihu, ejiri HTML5 na Webkit wulite miri site na ọkọchị site na iji Javascript maka njirimara ndị ọzọ.

Ngwa ndị mebere gburugburu desktọpụ a bụ:

• Deepin-wm – Onye njikwa windo ndapụta.
• Nautilus – Njikwa faili ndapụta.
• Gedit – Onye ndezi faịlụ ederede .
• Anya GNOME – Onye na-ekiri ihe onyonyo.
• Ihe nkiri omimi – Ihe ọkpụkpọ vidiyo .

9. LXQT

Mpaghara desktọpụ ọzọ dị fechaa ma dị mfe na eserese, LXQT bụ otu nzọụkwụ na-aga n'ihu site na LXDE wee jikọta LXDE (nke dabere na GTK 2) na Razor-qt (nke bụ echiche dị mma mana enweghị ike ịpụta nke ọma dị ka nnukwu ebe desktọpụ).

LXQT bụ n'ezie njikọta nke gburugburu GUI abụọ ewu ewu ya bụ GTK na Qt ewepụtara n'okpuru GNU GPL 2.0+ na 2.1+. LXQT dị maka nkesa Linux dị iche iche gụnyere Ubuntu, Arch, Fedora, OpenSUSE, Mandriva, Mageia, Chakra, Gentoo, wdg.

Ngwa ndị etemeete gburugburu desktọpụ LXQT bụ:

• Openbox – Onye njikwa windo ndapụta.
• PCManFM-Qt – Njikwa faili ndapụta.
• JuffED – Ederede Ederede ndabara.
• LXImage-Qt – Ihe nlere onyonyo.
• SMPlayer – Ihe ọkpụkpọ vidiyo .

10. Pantheon - Elementary OS

Ewebata gburugburu desktọpụ Pantheon site na OS elementrị bụ isi mmalite ewebata gburugburu desktọpụ a. Eji Python na GTK3 dee ya site na ọkọ. Ọtụtụ ndị nyocha na-ekwu na gburugburu desktọpụ a bụ Mac Clone n'ihi nhazi ọkọlọtọ ya dịka nke Mac OS.

Ọ na-ewu ewu na-eto eto bụ n'ihi ịdị mfe na ịdị mma ya. Ihe mmalite ngwa ya dị mfe n'ụzọ dị ịtụnanya ma yabụ ngwa ngwa. Ụkpụrụ ndị e buru n'uche mgbe a na-emepụta gburugburu ebe a bụ: \Concision, \zere nhazi na\akwụkwọ ntanye.

Ngwa ndị mebere gburugburu desktọpụ a bụ:

• Gala – Onye njikwa windo ndapụta.
• Faịlụ Pantheon – Njikwa faili ndapụta.
• Scratch – Onye ndezi ederede ezighi ezi.
• Shotwell – Ihe nlere onyonyo izizi.
• Video GNOME – Ihe ọkpụkpọ vidiyo .
• Midori – Ihe nchọgharị Weebụ .

11. Common Desktop Environment

CDE ma ọ bụ Gburugburu Desktọpụ nkịtị bụ gburugburu desktọpụ maka Unix na sistemu OpenVMS ma bụrụdị ebe Unix Desktop mara mma jikọtara ya na ọdụ ọrụ Unix azụmahịa.

Ọ nọ na mmepe na-arụ ọrụ kemgbe 1993, yana ntọhapụ kwụsiri ike kachasị ọhụrụ bụ na Jenụwarị 2020 n'afọ gara aga. Kemgbe ewepụtara ya dị ka sọftụwia efu na Ọgọst 2012, ebufela ya na Linux na usoro BSD. Mmepe mbụ nke CDE bụ mgbakọ nke HP, IBM, Sunsoft, na USL bụ ndị wepụtara ya n'okpuru aha Common Open Software Environment (COSE).

Kemgbe ewepụtara ya, HP kwuputara ya dị ka ebe desktọpụ ndabere maka sistemụ Unix ma ọ dịgidere dị ka ọkọlọtọ de facto ruo 2000 mgbe gburugburu dị ka KDE, GNOME malitere ịmalite. N'August 2012, ọ bịara meghere nke ọma na koodu isi mmalite ya dị na Sourceforge.

12. Onye na-eme windo

Window Maker bụ ihe mepere emepe yana njikwa windo X11 efu na mbụ bu n'obi inye nkwado ntinye maka GNUstep Desktop Environment, n'agbanyeghị na ọ nwere ike ịgba ọsọ n'onwe ya. Onye mere Window dị fechaa ma na-enwu ngwa ngwa, enwere ike ịhazi ya nke ukwuu, dị mfe iji interface, ụzọ mkpirisi ahụigodo, ngwa dockable, yana obodo na-arụ ọrụ.

13. Sugar

Emepụtara dị ka atụmatụ maka mmụta mmekọrịta maka ụmụaka, Sugar bụ ebe ọzọ desktọpụ na-emepe emepe na foto. Emepụtara na Python na GTK, Sugar ka emepụtara dịka akụkụ nke oru Laptọọpụ kwa nwa (OLPC), nke Sugar Labs mere na Mee 2006.

Ọ bụ ihe ndabara nke sistemụ OLPC XO-1, yana ụdị ndị ọzọ na-enye nhọrọ nke Sugar ma ọ bụ GNOME. Emepụtara ya n'asụsụ 25 dị iche iche wee wepụta ya n'okpuru GNU GPL yana mwepụta ọhụrụ bụ 0.118 na Disemba 2020.

Ụfọdụ n'ime njirimara ya gụnyere ịdị mfe dị ukwuu na imewe, ọdịdị cross-platform dị ka ọ dị na nkesa Linux bụ isi ma nwee ike tinye ya na Windows, Mac OS, wdg, dị mfe ịgbanwe dị ka onye ọ bụla nwere ahụmahụ na Python nwere ike ịgbakwunye na mmepe ya. ọghọm ya bụ enweghị ike ime multitasking na-eduga na arụmọrụ na-ebelata.

Ngwa ndị etemeete Sugar Desktop Environment bụ:

• Metacity – Njikwa windo ndapụta.
• Akwụkwọ akụkọ shuga – Njikwa faili ndabara.
• Dee – Onye ndezi ederede ndabara.
• Onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ shuga - ihe nleba anya onyonyo.
• sugar-activity-jukebox – Ihe ọkpụkpọ vidiyo .

Ndị a bụ ụfọdụ gburugburu desktọpụ Linux dị mfe mepere emepe. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ihe ọ bụla ọzọ n'uche nke ịchọrọ ịkwado maka mgbakwunye na ndepụta a, gwa anyị ya na nkwupụta anyị ga-etinye ya na ndepụta anyị ebe a.