Iwu fdisk 10 iji jikwaa akụkụ diski Linux


fdisk guzo (maka “ofefe diski ma ọ bụ diski usoro”) bụ ngwa njikwa diski dabere na ahịrị iwu a na-ejikarị maka sistemụ Linux/Unix. Site n'enyemaka nke fdisk, ị nwere ike ịlele, mepụta, gbanwee nha, ihichapụ, gbanwee, detuo ma bugharịa akụkụ na draịvụ ike site na iji interface nke nwere ederede enyi na enyi nke onye ọrụ ya.

Ngwá ọrụ a bara uru nke ukwuu n'ịmepụta oghere maka akụkụ ọhụrụ, ịhazi ohere maka draịva ọhụrụ, ịhazigharị draịva ochie na iṅomi ma ọ bụ ịkwaga data na diski ọhụrụ. Ọ na-enye gị ohere ịmepụta oke nkebi isi anọ ọhụrụ yana ọnụọgụ nke akụkụ ezi uche dị na ya (agbatị), dabere na nha diski ike ị nwere na sistemụ gị.

Edemede a na-akọwa iwu fdisk 10 bụ isi iji jikwaa tebụl nkebi na sistemụ dabere na Linux. Ị ga-abụrịrị onye ọrụ mgbọrọgwụ iji mee fdisk iwu, ma ọ bụghị na ị ga-enweta njehie iwu ahụghị.

1. Lelee akụkụ diski niile na Linux

Iwu bụ isi a na-edepụta nkebi diski niile dị na sistemụ gị. A na-eji arụmụka '-l' maka (na-edepụta akụkụ niile) na iwu fdisk iji lelee akụkụ niile dị na Linux. A na-egosipụta nkewa ndị ahụ site na aha ngwaọrụ ha. Dịka ọmụmaatụ: /dev/sda, /dev/sdb ma ọ bụ /dev/sdc.

 fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 637.8 GB, 637802643456 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 77541 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux
/dev/sda2              14        2624    20972857+  83  Linux
/dev/sda3            2625        4582    15727635   83  Linux
/dev/sda4            4583       77541   586043167+   5  Extended
/dev/sda5            4583        5887    10482381   83  Linux
/dev/sda6            5888        7192    10482381   83  Linux
/dev/sda7            7193        7845     5245191   83  Linux
/dev/sda8            7846        8367     4192933+  82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda9            8368       77541   555640123+  8e  Linux LVM

2. Lelee Specific Disk Partition na Linux

Ka ilele akụkụ niile nke diski ike akọwapụtara, jiri nhọrọ '-l' nwere aha ngwaọrụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, iwu na-esonụ ga-egosipụta akụkụ diski niile nke ngwaọrụ /dev/sda. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere aha ngwaọrụ dị iche iche, dee aha ngwaọrụ dị mfe dị ka /dev/sdb ma ọ bụ /dev/sdc.

 fdisk -l /dev/sda

Disk /dev/sda: 637.8 GB, 637802643456 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 77541 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux
/dev/sda2              14        2624    20972857+  83  Linux
/dev/sda3            2625        4582    15727635   83  Linux
/dev/sda4            4583       77541   586043167+   5  Extended
/dev/sda5            4583        5887    10482381   83  Linux
/dev/sda6            5888        7192    10482381   83  Linux
/dev/sda7            7193        7845     5245191   83  Linux
/dev/sda8            7846        8367     4192933+  82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda9            8368       77541   555640123+  8e  Linux LVM

3. Lelee iwu fdisk niile dị

Ọ bụrụ na-amasị gị ịhụ iwu niile dị maka fdisk. Naanị jiri iwu na-esonụ site n'ịkpọ aha diski ike dị ka /dev/sda dị ka egosiri n'okpuru. Iwu na-esonụ ga-enye gị mmepụta yiri nke dị n'okpuru.

 fdisk /dev/sda

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help):

Pịnye 'm' ka ịhụ ndepụta nke iwu fdisk niile dị nke enwere ike ịrụ ọrụ na/dev/sda diski ike. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, m na-abanye 'm' na ihuenyo, ị ga-ahụ nhọrọ niile dị maka fdisk nke ị nwere ike iji na/dev/sda ngwaọrụ.

 fdisk /dev/sda

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help):

4. Bipụta Tebụl Nkebi niile na Linux

Iji bipụta tebụl diski ike nkebi niile, ị ga-anọrịrị na ọnọdụ iwu nke diski ike siri/dev/sda.

 fdisk /dev/sda

Site na ọnọdụ iwu, tinye 'p' kama 'm' dị ka anyị mere na mbụ. Ka m na-abanye 'p', ọ ga-ebipụta tebụl nkebi kpọmkwem/dev/sda.

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 637.8 GB, 637802643456 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 77541 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux
/dev/sda2              14        2624    20972857+  83  Linux
/dev/sda3            2625        4582    15727635   83  Linux
/dev/sda4            4583       77541   586043167+   5  Extended
/dev/sda5            4583        5887    10482381   83  Linux
/dev/sda6            5888        7192    10482381   83  Linux
/dev/sda7            7193        7845     5245191   83  Linux
/dev/sda8            7846        8367     4192933+  82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda9            8368       77541   555640123+  8e  Linux LVM

Command (m for help):

5. Otu esi ehichapụ nkebi na Linux

Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ihichapụ otu akụkụ (ie /dev/sda9) na diski ike dị ka /dev/sda. Ị ga-anọrịrị na ọnọdụ iwu fdisk iji mee nke a.

 fdisk /dev/sda

Ọzọ, tinye 'd' ka ihichapụ aha nkebi ọ bụla enyere na sistemụ. Ka m na-abanye 'd', ọ ga-akpali m ịbanye nọmba nkebi nke m chọrọ ihichapụ na/dev/sda hard disk. Ka e were ya na m tinye nọmba '4' ebe a, mgbe ahụ ọ ga-ehichapụ nọmba nkebi '4' (ya bụ/dev/sda4) diski ma gosipụta ohere efu na tebụl nkebi. Tinye 'w' ka ịde tebụl na diski wee pụọ mgbe ịmegharịa mgbanwe ọhụrụ na tebụl nkebi. Mgbanwe ọhụrụ a ga-eme naanị mgbe nrụgharị sistemu na-esote. Enwere ike ịghọta nke a ngwa ngwa site na mmepụta n'okpuru.

 fdisk /dev/sda

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-4): 4

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

Ịdọ aka ná ntị: Kpachara anya, mgbe ị na-eme usoro a, n'ihi na iji nhọrọ 'd' ga-ehichapụ nkebi kpamkpam na sistemụ ma nwee ike tufuo data niile na nkebi.

6. Otu esi eme nkebi ọhụrụ na Linux

Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ohere efu n'otu ngwaọrụ gị kwuo /dev/sda ma chọọ ịmepụta nkebi ọhụrụ n'okpuru ya. Mgbe ahụ ị ga-anọrịrị na fdisk iwu mode nke /dev/sda. Pịnye iwu a ka ịbanye n'ụdị iwu nke diski ike akọwapụtara.

 fdisk /dev/sda

Mgbe ịbanye na ọnọdụ iwu, ugbu a pịa n iwu ka ịmepụta akụkụ ọhụrụ n'okpuru/dev/sda nwere oke nha. Enwere ike igosi nke a site n'enyemaka nke mmepụta ewepụtara.

 fdisk  /dev/sda

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
e

Mgbe ị na-eke nkebi ọhụrụ, ọ ga-ajụ gị nhọrọ abụọ 'agbatị' ma ọ bụ 'isi' okike nkebi. Pịa 'e' maka nkebi agbatịkwu na 'p' maka nkebi mbụ. Mgbe ahụ, ọ ga-ajụ gị ka ịbanye na-eso ntinye abụọ.

  1. Nọmba cylinder mbụ nke nkebi a ga-emepụta.
  2. Ọnọdụ cylinder ikpeazụ nke nkebi a ga-emepụta (Silinda ikpeazụ, +cylinder ma ọ bụ + nha).

Ị nwere ike tinye nha cylinder site na ịgbakwunye +5000M na cylinder ikpeazụ. N'ebe a, '+' pụtara mgbakwunye na 5000M pụtara nha nkebi ọhụrụ (ya bụ 5000MB). Biko buru n'uche na ka ịmechara nkebi ọhụrụ, ị ga-agba ọsọ 'w' iwu ịgbanwe ma chekwaa mgbanwe ọhụrụ na tebụl nkebi wee mechaa malitegharịa sistemụ gị iji nyochaa nkebi emepụtara ọhụrụ.

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.

7. Otu esi ahazi nkebi na Linux

Mgbe emechara nkebi ọhụrụ ahụ, awụla elu iji hazie nkebi emepụtara ọhụrụ site na iji iwu 'mkfs'. Pịnye iwu na-esonụ n'ọnụ ọnụ iji hazie nkebi. Ebe a /dev/sda4 bụ akụkụ m ekepụtara ọhụrụ.

 mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda4

8. Otu esi elele nha nkebi na Linux

Mgbe emechara nkebi ọhụrụ, lelee nha nkebi ahụ site na iji ọkọlọtọ 's' (gosi nha na ngọngọ) yana iwu fdisk. Otu a ị nwere ike ịlele nha nke ngwaọrụ ọ bụla akọwapụtara.

 fdisk -s /dev/sda2
5194304

9. Otu esi edozi usoro nhazi nkebi

Ọ bụrụ na ihichapụla akụkụ ezi uche dị na ya ma megharịa ya ọzọ, ị nwere ike ịhụ nsogbu 'nkebi na-enweghị usoro' ma ọ bụ ozi njehie dị ka' Ndenye tebụl nkebi adịghị n'usoro diski'.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe ehichapụrụ akụkụ atọ ezi uche dị na ya dị ka (sda4, sda5 na sda6), ma mepụta nkebi ọhụrụ, ị nwere ike ịtụ anya na aha nkebi ọhụrụ ga-abụ sda4. Ma, usoro ahụ ga-emepụta ya dị ka sda5. Nke a na-eme n'ihi na, mgbe ehichapụchara nkebi ahụ, sda7 partition e ebugharị dị ka sda4 na ohere efu gaa na njedebe.

Iji dozie nsogbu usoro nkebi dị otú ahụ, wee kenye sda4 na nkebi emepụtara ọhụrụ, nyefee 'x' ka ịbanye na ngalaba ọrụ agbakwunyere wee tinye iwu 'f' ọkachamara iji dozie usoro tebụl nkebi dị ka egosiri n'okpuru.

 fdisk  /dev/sda

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): x

Expert command (m for help): f
Done.

Expert command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.

Mgbe, na-agba ọsọ 'f' iwu, echefula ịgba ọsọ 'w' iwu iji chekwaa na pụọ na fdisk iwu mode. Ozugbo etinyere usoro tebụl nkebi, ị gaghị enweta ozi njehie ọzọ.

10. Otu esi agbanyụọ ọkọlọtọ buut (*) nke nkebi

Site na ndabara, iwu fdisk na-egosi ọkọlọtọ buut (ya bụ '*') akara na nkebi ọ bụla. Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ịme ma ọ bụ gbanyụọ ọkọlọtọ buut na otu akụkụ, mee usoro ndị a.

 fdisk  /dev/sda

Pịa iwu 'p' ka ịlele tebụl nkewa ugbu a, ị na-ahụ na enwere ọkọlọtọ buut (akara mmuke (*) na agba oroma) na/dev/sda1 diski dị ka egosiri n'okpuru.

 fdisk /dev/sda

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 637.8 GB, 637802643456 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 77541 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux
/dev/sda2              14        2624    20972857+  83  Linux
/dev/sda3            2625        4582    15727635   83  Linux
/dev/sda4            4583       77541   586043167+   5  Extended
/dev/sda5            4583        5887    10482381   83  Linux
/dev/sda6            5888        7192    10482381   83  Linux
/dev/sda7            7193        7845     5245191   83  Linux
/dev/sda8            7846        8367     4192933+  82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda9            8368       77541   555640123+  8e  Linux LVM

Ọzọ tinye iwu 'a' iji gbanyụọ ọkọlọtọ buut, wee tinye nọmba nkebi '1' dị ka (ie/dev/sda1) n'ọnọdụ m. Nke a ga-ewepụ ọkọlọtọ buut na nkebi /dev/sda1. Nke a ga-ewepụ ọkọlọtọ akara mmuke (*).

Command (m for help): a
Partition number (1-9): 1

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 637.8 GB, 637802643456 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 77541 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1               1          13      104391   83  Linux
/dev/sda2              14        2624    20972857+  83  Linux
/dev/sda3            2625        4582    15727635   83  Linux
/dev/sda4            4583       77541   586043167+   5  Extended
/dev/sda5            4583        5887    10482381   83  Linux
/dev/sda6            5888        7192    10482381   83  Linux
/dev/sda7            7193        7845     5245191   83  Linux
/dev/sda8            7846        8367     4192933+  82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda9            8368       77541   555640123+  8e  Linux LVM

Command (m for help):

Agbalịrị m ike m itinye ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ iwu niile bụ isi nke fdisk, mana fdisk nwere ọtụtụ iwu ndị ọkachamara ndị ọzọ ị nwere ike iji ha site na ịbanye 'x'. Maka ozi zuru ezu, lelee 'man fdisk'iwu sitere na ọdụ. Ọ bụrụ na atufuru m iwu ọ bụla dị mkpa, biko kekọrịta m site na ngalaba nkọwa.

Gụkwuo :

  1. 12 \df Iwu ka ịlele oghere diski na Linux
  2. 10 Iwu “du” bara uru iji chọta ojiji nke faịlụ na akwụkwọ ntuziaka