Otu esi ehichapụ akaụntụ onye ọrụ na ndekọ ụlọ na Linux

N'ime nkuzi a, m ga-eme gị usoro ị nwere ike iji ihichapụ akaụntụ onye ọrụ yana ndekọ ụlọ ya na sistemụ Linux.

Iji mụta otu esi emepụta akaụntụ onye ọrụ yana jikwaa ha na sistemụ Linux, gụọ akụkọ ndị a site na njikọ dị n'okpuru:

15 “useradd” Ihe atụ Iwu iji jikwaa Akaụntụ onye ọrụ na Linux
15 “usermod” Ihe atụ iwu ịgbanwe/gbanwee aha akaụntụ onye ọrụ na Linux
Otu esi eji ikike faịlụ jikwaa ndị ọrụ na otu dị na Linux

Dịka onye nchịkwa sistemụ na Linux, ịnwere ike iwepu akaụntụ ndị ọrụ mgbe oge ụfọdụ akaụntụ onye ọrụ nwere ike ịla ezumike ogologo oge, ma ọ bụ onye ọrụ nwere ike ịhapụ nzukọ ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla ọzọ.

Mgbe ị na-ewepụ akaụntụ onye ọrụ na sistemụ Linux, ọ dịkwa mkpa iwepu ndekọ ụlọ ha iji wepụta ohere na ngwaọrụ nchekwa maka ndị ọrụ sistemụ ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ ọrụ ndị ọzọ.

Iji akwụkwọ ndekọ ụlọ ya ihichapụ/wepụ akaụntụ onye ọrụ

1. Maka ebumnuche ngosi, nke mbụ, m ga-amalite site na ịmepụta akaụntụ njirimara abụọ na sistemụ m bụ onye ọrụ tecmint na onye ọrụ linuxsay na akwụkwọ ndekọ ụlọ ha/ụlọ/tecmint na/ụlọ/linusay n'otu n'otu na-eji iwu adduser.

# adduser tecmint
# passwd tecmint

# adduser linuxsay
# passwd linuxsay

Site na nseta ihuenyo dị n'elu, ejirila m iwu adduser mepụta akaụntụ onye ọrụ na Linux. Ịnwekwara ike iji iwu useradd, ha abụọ bụ otu ma na-arụ otu ọrụ.

2. Ka anyị gaa n'ihu ugbu a ịhụ ka esi ehichapụ ma ọ bụ wepụ akaụntụ onye ọrụ na Linux site na iji deluser (N'ihi na Debian na ọ bụ mmepụta) na userdel (N'ihi RedHat/CentOS dabeere na usoro).

Ntuziaka dị n'ime faịlụ nhazi maka deluser na iwu onye ọrụ na-ekpebi ka nke a ga-esi ejikwa faịlụ na ndekọ aha niile mgbe ị na-eme iwu ahụ.

Ka anyị lelee faịlụ nhazi maka iwu deluser nke bụ /etc/deluser.conf na usoro Debian dị ka Ubuntu, Kali, Mint na maka ndị ọrụ RHEL/CentOS/Fedora, ị nwere ike ịlele << koodu>/etc/login.defs faịlụ.

Ụkpụrụ dị na nhazi ndị a bụ ndabara ma nwee ike gbanwee dịka mkpa gị.

# vi /etc/deluser.conf         [On Debian and its derivatives]
# vi /etc/login.defs           [On RedHat/CentOS based systems]

3. Iji ihichapụ onye ọrụ na ndekọ ụlọ, ị nwere ike iji ụzọ dị elu site n'ịgbaso usoro ndị a na igwe nkesa Linux gị. Mgbe ndị ọrụ na-abanye na nkesa, ha na-eji ọrụ ma na-eme usoro dị iche iche. Ọ dị mkpa iburu n'obi na onye ọrụ nwere ike ihichapụ nke ọma mgbe ha na-abanyeghị na ihe nkesa ahụ.

Malite site na igbachi paswọọdụ akaụntụ onye ọrụ ka onye ọrụ ghara ịbanye na sistemụ. Nke a ga-egbochi onye ọrụ na-agba ọsọ usoro na usoro.

Iwu passwd gụnyere nhọrọ –lock nwere ike inyere gị aka ime nke a:

# passwd --lock tecmint

Locking password for user tecmint.
passwd: Success

Ọzọ chọpụta usoro niile na-agba ọsọ nke akaụntụ onye ọrụ wee gbuo ha site na ikpebi PID (NJ Usoro) nke usoro nke onye ọrụ nwere site na iji:

# pgrep -u tecmint

1947
1959
2091
2094
2095
2168
2175
2179
2183
2188
2190
2202
2207
2212
2214

Mgbe ahụ, ị nwere ike depụta usoro interms nke aha njirimara, PIDs, PPIDs (NJ Usoro Nne na Nna), njedebe ejiri, steeti usoro, ụzọ iwu n'ụdị nhazi zuru oke site n'enyemaka nke iwu na-esonụ dị ka egosiri:

# ps -f --pid $(pgrep -u tecmint)

UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY      STAT   TIME CMD
tecmint   1947     1  0 10:49 ?        SLl    0:00 /usr/bin/gnome-keyring-daemon --daemonize --login
tecmint   1959  1280  0 10:49 ?        Ssl    0:00 mate-session
tecmint   2091  1959  0 10:49 ?        Ss     0:00 /usr/bin/ssh-agent /usr/bin/dbus-launch --exit-with-session /usr/bin/im-launch mate-session
tecmint   2094     1  0 10:49 ?        S      0:00 /usr/bin/dbus-launch --exit-with-session /usr/bin/im-launch mate-session
tecmint   2095     1  0 10:49 ?        Ss     0:00 //bin/dbus-daemon --fork --print-pid 6 --print-address 9 --session
tecmint   2168     1  0 10:49 ?        Sl     0:00 /usr/lib/dconf/dconf-service
tecmint   2175  1959  0 10:49 ?        Sl     0:02 /usr/bin/mate-settings-daemon
tecmint   2179  1959  0 10:49 ?        Sl     0:47 marco
tecmint   2183     1  0 10:49 ?        Sl     0:00 /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfsd
tecmint   2188  1959  0 10:49 ?        Sl     0:00 mate-panel
tecmint   2190     1  0 10:49 ?        Sl     0:00 /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfsd-fuse /run/user/1000/gvfs -f -o big_writes
tecmint   2202     1  0 10:49 ?        S<l    0:20 /usr/bin/pulseaudio --start --log-target=syslog
tecmint   2207  1959  0 10:49 ?        S      0:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/startcaja
tecmint   2212     1  0 10:49 ?        Sl     0:03 /usr/bin/python /usr/lib/linuxmint/mintMenu/mintMenu.py
tecmint   2214     1  0 10:49 ?        Sl     0:11 /usr/lib/mate-panel/wnck-applet
....

Ozugbo ịchọtara usoro niile na-agba ọsọ nke onye ọrụ, ị nwere ike iji killall iwu igbu usoro ndị ahụ na-agba ọsọ dị ka egosiri.

# killall -9 -u tecmint

The -9 bụ akara ngosi maka akara ngosi SIGKILL ma ọ bụ jiri -KILL kama -9 na -u na-akọwa aha njirimara.

Mara: Na ntọhapụ ọhụrụ nke ụdị RedHat/CentOS 7.x yana Fedora 21+, ị ga-enweta ozi njehie dịka:

-bash: killall: command not found

Iji dozie njehie dị otú ahụ, ịkwesịrị ịwụnye ngwugwu psmisc dị ka egosiri:

# yum install psmisc       [On RedHat/CentOS 7.x]
# dnf install psmisc       [On Fedora 21+ versions]

Na-esote ị nwere ike ndabere faịlụ ndị ọrụ, nke a nwere ike ịbụ nhọrọ mana a na-atụ aro maka ojiji n'ọdịnihu mgbe mkpa bilitere iji nyochaa nkọwa akaụntụ onye ọrụ na faịlụ.

Ejila m tar utilities mepụta ndabere ndekọ ụlọ ndị ọrụ dịka ndị a:

# tar jcvf /user-backups/tecmint-home-directory-backup.tar.bz2 /home/tecmint

Ugbu a ị nwere ike wepu onye ọrụ yana ndekọ ụlọ ya n'enweghị nsogbu, iji wepu faịlụ onye ọrụ niile na sistemụ jiri nhọrọ --wepu-all-files n'iwu dị n'okpuru:

# deluser --remove-home tecmint      [On Debian and its derivatives]
# userdel --remove tecmint           [On RedHat/CentOS based systems]

Nchịkọta

Nke ahụ bụ ihe niile gbasara iwepu onye ọrụ na ndekọ ụlọ ha na sistemụ Linux. Ekwenyere m na ntuziaka ahụ dị mfe iji soro, mana ị nwere ike ikwupụta nchegbu ma ọ bụ tinyekwuo echiche site na ịhapụ ikwu.