Otu esi etinye ma jiri yum-utils mee ka Yum dịgide ma kwalite arụmọrụ ya
N'agbanyeghị Fedora na-amalite ịmalite njikwa ngwugwu yum maka ihe ọma na nkesa spinoff ndị ọzọ (dịka Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) na CentOS) ruo mgbe ọ gosipụtara na ọ bụ ihe a pụrụ ịdabere na ya dị ka yum na nke siri ike (dị ka Fedora Project wiki, dị ka Fedora Project wiki). nke Nọvemba 15, 2015, dnf ka nọ na steeti nnwale). N'ihi ya, nkà njikwa yum gị ga-abara gị uru ruo ogologo oge.
Maka nke ahụ, na ntuziaka a, anyị ga-ewebata gị yum-utils, nchịkọta ihe eji eme ihe na-ejikọta yum iji gbasaa njirimara obodo ya n'ọtụtụ ụzọ, si otú a na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo ike ma dị mfe iji.
Ịwụnye yum-utils na RHEL/CentOS
Yum-utils gụnyere na repo base (nke a na-enyere ya aka na ndabara) yabụ ịwụnye ya na nkesa dabere na Fedora dị mfe dị ka ime:
# yum update && yum install yum-utils
A na-etinye ngwa niile nke yum-utils na-akpaghị aka na ngwugwu isi, nke anyị ga-akọwa na ngalaba na-esote.
Nyochaa Utilities nyere site yum-utils ngwugwu
Edepụtara ngwaọrụ ndị yum-utils nyere na ibe nwoke ya:
# man yum-utils
Nke a bụ 10 n'ime akụrụngwa yum ndị ahụ anyị chere na ị ga-enwe mmasị:
debuginfo-wụnye aha ngwugwu > n'ihe ọghọm ma ọ bụ mgbe ị na-emepe ngwa na-eji otu ngwugwu.
Iji dozie ngwugwu (ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla ọzọ), anyị ga-achọkwa ịwụnye gdb (GNU debugger) wee jiri ya malite mmemme na ọnọdụ nbipu.
Ọmụmaatụ:
# gdb $(which postfix)
Iwu a dị n'elu ga-amalite gdb shei ebe anyị nwere ike pịnye omume a ga-egbu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịgba ọsọ (dị ka egosiri na foto dị n'okpuru ebe a) ga-amalite mmemme ahụ, ebe bt (anaghị egosi) ga-egosipụta akara nchịkọta (nke a makwaara dị ka backtrace) nke mmemme ahụ, nke ga-enye ndepụta oku ọrụ nke butere a. ụfọdụ isi ihe na mmemme mmemme (iji ozi a, ma ndị mmepe na ndị na-ahụ maka sistemụ nwere ike ịchọpụta ihe na-ezighi ezi ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dara).
Omume ndị ọzọ dị na nsonaazụ ha tụrụ anya ka edepụtara na man gdb.
Iwu a na-egosi ebe nchekwa nke ngwugwu arụnyere ugbu a
# find-repos-of-install httpd postfix dovecot
Ọ bụrụ na-agba ọsọ na-enweghị arụmụka, find-repos-of-install ga-eweghachite ndepụta niile nke ngwugwu arụnyere ugbu a.
mkpocha ngwugwu na-ejikwa mkpocha ngwugwu, oyiri, ngwugwu ụmụ mgbei (mmemme arụnyere site na isi mmalite na-abụghị ebe a na-ahazi ugbu a) yana enweghị ntụkwasị obi ndị ọzọ, gụnyere iwepụ kernel ochie dị ka egosiri na ihe atụ na-esonụ:
# package-cleanup --orphans # package-cleanup --oldkernels
Ịkwesighi ichegbu onwe gị maka iwu ikpeazụ na-emebi kernel gị. Ọ ga-emetụta naanị ngwungwu kernel ochie (ụdị ndị tọrọ nke na-agba ugbu a) nke na-adịghị mkpa ọzọ.
repo-graph weghachite ndepụta ndabere ngwungwu zuru oke n'ụdị ntụpọ maka ngwugwu niile dị na ebe nchekwa ahaziri. N'aka nke ọzọ, repo-graph nwere ike weghachi otu ozi ahụ site na ebe nchekwa ma ọ bụrụ na ejiri ya na nhọrọ --repoid=.
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ka anyị lelee ndabere maka ngwungwu ọ bụla na ebe nchekwa mmelite:
# repo-graph --repoid=updates | less
N'ime iwu a dị n'elu, anyị na-ezipụ mmepụta nke repo-graph ka ọ dị ntakịrị ka ọ dị mfe ịhụ anya, mana ị nwere ike ibugharị ya na faịlụ mpaghara maka nyocha ọzọ:
# repo-graph --repoid=updates > updates-dependencies.txt
N'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, anyị nwere ike ịhụ na ngwugwu iputils dabere na systemd na openssl-libs.
repoclosure na-agụ metadata nke ebe nchekwa ahaziri, na-enyocha ndabere nke ngwugwu agụnyere na ha ma gosipụta ndepụta ndabere edozibeghị maka ngwugwu ọ bụla:
# repoclosure
repomanage jụrụ ndekọ ndekọ nwere ngwungwu rpm wee weghachi ndepụta nke ngwugwu ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ nke kacha ochie na ndekọ. Ngwá ọrụ a nwere ike ịba uru ma ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ndekọ ebe ị na-echekwa ọtụtụ ngwugwu .rpm nke mmemme dị iche iche.
Mgbe e gburu ya na-enweghị arụmụka, nkwughachi na-eweghachi ngwugwu kachasị ọhụrụ. Ọ bụrụ na ejiri ọkọlọtọ --ochie mee, ọ ga-eweghachi ngwugwu kacha ochie:
# ls -l # cd rpms # ls -l rpms # repomanage rpms
Biko mara na ịgbanwe aha ngwugwu rpm agaghị emetụta ka nkwughachi si arụ ọrụ.
ajụjụ repoquery yum repositories wee nweta ozi ndị ọzọ na ngwugwu, ma etinyere ha ma ọ bụ na etinyeghị ya (ndabere, faịlụ ndị etinyere na ngwugwu, na ndị ọzọ).
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, anaghị etinye htop (Linux Process Monitoring) na sistemụ a, dịka ị na-ahụ n'okpuru:
# which htop # rpm -qa | grep htop
Ugbu a, were ya na anyị chọrọ ịdepụta ndabere nke htop, yana faịlụ ndị etinyere na nrụnye ndabara. Iji mee nke a, mee iwu abụọ ndị a, n'otu n'otu:
# repoquery --requires htop # repoquery --list htop
yum-debug-dump na-enye gị ohere ịtụfu ndepụta zuru oke nke ngwugwu niile ị rụnyere, ngwugwu niile dị na ebe nchekwa ọ bụla, nhazi dị mkpa na ozi sistemụ n'ime faịlụ zipped.
Nke a nwere ike ịba uru ma ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ iwepụ nsogbu merela. Maka ịdị mma anyị, yum-debug-dump na-aha faịlụ ahụ dị ka yum_debug_dump-
# yum-debug-dump
Dị ka ọ dị na faịlụ ederede ọ bụla agbakwunyere, anyị nwere ike ịlele ọdịnaya ya site na iji iwu zless:
# zless yum_debug_dump-mail.linuxnewz.com-2015-11-27_08:34:01.txt.gz
Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ iweghachi ozi nhazi nke yum-debug-dump nyere, ị nwere ike iji yum-debug-restor mee nke a:
# yum-debug-restore yum_debug_dump-mail.linuxnewz.com-2015-11-27_08:34:01.txt.gz
yumdownloader na-ebudata faịlụ RPM sitere na ebe nchekwa, gụnyere ihe ndabere ha. Ọ bara uru ịmepụta ebe nchekwa netwọk ga-esi na igwe ndị ọzọ nwere ohere ịntanetị amachibidoro.
Yumdownloader na-enye gị ohere ọ bụghị naanị budata RPM ọnụọgụ abụọ kamakwa ndị isi mmalite (ọ bụrụ na ejiri ya na nhọrọ --isi iyi).
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ka anyị mepụta ndekọ aha htop-files ebe anyị ga-echekwa RPM (s) dị mkpa iji wụnye mmemme site na iji rpm. Iji mee nke a, anyị kwesịrị iji --resolve mgba ọkụ yana yumdownloader:
# mkdir htop-files # cd htop-files # yumdownloader --resolve htop # rpm -Uvh
reposync nwere njikọ chiri anya na yumdownloader (n'ezie, ha na-akwado ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu nhọrọ) mana na-enye nnukwu uru. Kama nbudata faịlụ ọnụọgụ abụọ ma ọ bụ isi iyi RPM, ọ na-emekọrịta ebe nchekwa dịpụrụ adịpụ na ndekọ mpaghara.
Ka anyị mekọrịta ebe nchekwa EPEL a ma ama na akwụkwọ ndekọ aha a na-akpọ epel-local n'ime akwụkwọ ndekọ aha ugbu a:
# man reposync # mkdir epel-local # reposync --repoid=epel --download_path=epel-local
Rịba ama na usoro a ga-ewe ogologo oge ka ọ na-ebudata ngwugwu 8867:
Ozugbo mmekọrịta ahụ gwụchara, ka anyị lelee ọnụọgụ ohere diski ji enyo enyo emepụtara ọhụrụ nke ebe nchekwa EPEL site na iji du Command:
# du -sch epel-local/*
Ugbu a ọ dịịrị gị ma ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ idobe enyo EPEL a ma ọ bụ jiri ya tinye ngwugwu kama iji nke dịpụrụ adịpụ. N'okwu nke mbụ, biko buru n'uche na ị ga-achọ ịgbanwe /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo ya mere.
yum-complete-transaction bụ akụkụ nke mmemme yum-utils nke na-ejide azụmahịa yum na-emechabeghị ma ọ bụ kwụsịrị na sistemụ wee gbalịa imezu ha.
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe anyị na-emelite sava Linux site na njikwa ngwugwu yum mgbe ụfọdụ ọ na-atụba ozi ịdọ aka ná ntị nke na-agụ dị ka ndị a:
Azụmahịa emechabeghị fọdụ. Ị nwere ike iche na ị ga-ebu ụzọ mee yum-complete-transaction iji mechaa ha.
Iji dozie ozi ịdọ aka ná ntị dị otú ahụ ma dozie okwu dị otú ahụ, yum-zuo ezu-azụmahịa iwu na-abịa na foto iji mezue azụmahịa na-emechabeghị, ọ na-achọpụta azụmahịa yum ndị ezughị ezu ma ọ bụ kwụsịrị na azụmahịa-niile * na azụmahịa-eme * faịlụ nke enwere ike ịhụ na/var/lib/yum ndekọ.
Gbaa iwu azụmahịa yum-zuo ezuola iji mechaa azụmahịa yum ezughị ezu:
# yum-complete-transaction --cleanup-only
Ugbu a iwu yum ga-agba ọsọ na-enweghị ịdọ aka ná ntị azụmahịa ezughị ezu.
# yum update
Mara: Otu onye n’ime ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ anyị oge niile bụ Maazị Tomas tụrụ aro na ngalaba nkọwa ebe a.
Nchịkọta
N'isiokwu a, anyị ekpuchirila ụfọdụ ngwa bara uru enyere site na yum-utils. Maka ndepụta zuru oke, ị nwere ike zoo aka na ibe nwoke (man yum-utils).
Na mgbakwunye, nke ọ bụla n'ime ngwaọrụ ndị a nwere ibe mmadụ dị iche (lee man reposync, dịka ọmụmaatụ), nke bụ isi ebe ị ga-esi nweta akwụkwọ ị ga-ezo aka ma ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ịmatakwu gbasara ha.
Ọ bụrụ na i were nkeji iji lelee ibe nwoke nke yum-utils, ikekwe ị ga-ahụ ngwá ọrụ ọzọ ị ga-achọ ka anyị kpuchie n'ime omimi miri emi na edemede dị iche. Ọ bụrụ otú ahụ, ma ọ bụ ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ajụjụ, azịza, ma ọ bụ aro n'isiokwu a, nweere onwe gị ime ka anyị mara nke site n'itinye anyị ndetu site na iji mpempe nkọwa n'okpuru.