Mepụta ngwa ihe nchọgharị Weebụ na ngwa ndekọ desktọpụ site na iji PyGobject - Nkebi nke 3

Nke a bụ akụkụ 3 nke usoro gbasara imepụta ngwa GUI n'okpuru desktọpụ Linux site na iji PyGObject. Taa, anyị ga-ekwu maka iji ụfọdụ modul Python dị elu & ọba akwụkwọ n'ime mmemme anyị dị ka 'os', 'WebKit', 'arịrịọ' na ndị ọzọ, n'akụkụ ụfọdụ ozi bara uru maka mmemme.

Ị ga-agarịrị na akụkụ ndị a niile gara aga nke usoro a si ebe a, ka ịga n'ihu na ntuziaka ndị ọzọ maka ịmepụta ngwa ngwa ndị ọzọ:

Mepụta ngwa GUI n'okpuru desktọpụ Linux Iji PyGObject - Nkebi 1
Ịmepụta ngwa PyGobject Ọganihu na Linux – Nkebi nke 2

Modul & ọba akwụkwọ dị na Python bara ezigbo uru, kama ịde ọtụtụ mmemme iji rụọ ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ga-ewe oge na ọrụ, ị nwere ike ibubata ha! Ee, dị nnọọ ibubata modul & ọba akwụkwọ ịchọrọ na mmemme gị ma ị ga-enwe ike ịchekwa oge na mgbalị dị ukwuu iji mezue mmemme gị.

Enwere ọtụtụ modul ama ama maka Python, nke ị nwere ike ịhụ na Python Module Index.

Ị nwere ike ibubata ọba akwụkwọ nakwa maka mmemme Python gị, site na gi.repository import Gtk ahịrị a na-ebubata ọba akwụkwọ GTK na mmemme Python, enwere ọtụtụ ọba akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ dị ka Gdk, WebKit.. wdg.

Ịmepụta Ngwa GUI Ọganihu

Taa, anyị ga-emepụta mmemme 2:

Ihe nchọgharị weebụ dị mfe; nke ga-eji ọbá akwụkwọ WebKit.
Ihe ndekọ desktọpụ na-eji iwu 'avconv'; nke ga-eji modul ‘os’ sitere na Python.

Agaghị m akọwa otu esi adọta & dobe wijetị n'ime Glade mmebe site ugbu a gaa n'ihu, naanị m ga-agwa gị aha wijetị nke ịchọrọ ịmepụta, gbakwunyere m ga-enye gị > .glade faịlụ maka mmemme ọ bụla, yana faịlụ Python n'ezie.

Iji mepụta ihe nchọgharị weebụ, anyị ga-eji igwe \WebKit nke bụ igwe na-emepe emepe maka webụ, ọ bụ otu ihe a na-eji na >Chrome/Chromium, maka ozi ndị ọzọ gbasara ya ị nwere ike zoo aka na webụsaịtị Webkit.org gọọmentị.

Nke mbụ, anyị ga-emepụta GUI, mepee Glade mmebe wee tinye wijetị ndị a. Maka ozi ọzọ gbasara otu esi emepụta wijetị, soro Nkebi nke 1 na Nkebi nke 2 nke usoro isiokwu a (njikọ enyere n'elu).

Mepụta wijetị 'window1'.
Mepụta wijetị 'box1' na 'box2'.
Mepụta 'bọtịnụ1' na 'bọtịnụ2' wijetị.
Mepụta wijetị 'ntinye1'.
Mepụta wijetị 'scrolledwindow1'.

Mgbe ịmepụta wijetị, ị ga-enweta interface ndị a.

Ọ dịghị ihe ọhụrụ, ma e wezụga wijetị \Orife Scrolled; wijetị a dị mkpa ka e nwee ike ịkụnye injin WebKit n'ime ya, na-eji \ > Window akpọgharịrị” wijetị ị ga-enwekwa ike pịgharịa gaa n'ihu na kwụ ọtọ ka ị na-eme nchọgharị na weebụsaịtị.

Ị ga-etinyezi \backbutton_clicked onye njikwa na bọtịnụ Azu \pịa signal, \refreshbutton_clicked b>” onye na-ahụ maka bọtịnụ ume ọhụrụ \pịa akara” na onye na-ahụ maka akara ngosi \arụ ọrụ maka ntinye .

Faịlụ .glade zuru ezu maka interface dị ebe a.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- Generated with glade 3.16.1 -->
<interface>
  <requires lib="gtk+" version="3.10"/>
  <object class="GtkWindow" id="window1">
    <property name="can_focus">False</property>
    <property name="title" translatable="yes">Our Simple Browser</property>
    <property name="window_position">center</property>
    <property name="default_width">1000</property>
    <property name="default_height">600</property>
    <property name="icon_name">applications-internet</property>
    <child>
      <object class="GtkBox" id="box1">
        <property name="visible">True</property>
        <property name="can_focus">False</property>
        <property name="orientation">vertical</property>
        <child>
          <object class="GtkBox" id="box2">
            <property name="visible">True</property>
            <property name="can_focus">False</property>
            <child>
              <object class="GtkButton" id="button1">
                <property name="label">gtk-go-back</property>
                <property name="visible">True</property>
                <property name="can_focus">True</property>
                <property name="receives_default">True</property>
                <property name="relief">half</property>
                <property name="use_stock">True</property>
                <property name="always_show_image">True</property>
                <signal name="clicked" handler="backbutton_clicked" swapped="no"/>
              </object>
              <packing>
                <property name="expand">False</property>
                <property name="fill">True</property>
                <property name="position">0</property>
              </packing>
            </child>
            <child>
              <object class="GtkButton" id="button2">
                <property name="label">gtk-refresh</property>
                <property name="visible">True</property>
                <property name="can_focus">True</property>
                <property name="receives_default">True</property>
                <property name="relief">half</property>
                <property name="use_stock">True</property>
                <property name="always_show_image">True</property>
                <signal name="clicked" handler="refreshbutton_clicked" swapped="no"/>
              </object>
              <packing>
                <property name="expand">False</property>
                <property name="fill">True</property>
                <property name="position">1</property>
              </packing>
            </child>
            <child>
              <object class="GtkEntry" id="entry1">
                <property name="visible">True</property>
                <property name="can_focus">True</property>
                <signal name="activate" handler="enterkey_clicked" swapped="no"/>
              </object>
              <packing>
                <property name="expand">True</property>
                <property name="fill">True</property>
                <property name="position">2</property>
              </packing>
            </child>
          </object>
          <packing>
            <property name="expand">False</property>
            <property name="fill">True</property>
            <property name="position">0</property>
          </packing>
        </child>
        <child>
          <object class="GtkScrolledWindow" id="scrolledwindow1">
            <property name="visible">True</property>
            <property name="can_focus">True</property>
            <property name="hscrollbar_policy">always</property>
            <property name="shadow_type">in</property>
            <child>
              <placeholder/>
            </child>
          </object>
          <packing>
            <property name="expand">True</property>
            <property name="fill">True</property>
            <property name="position">1</property>
          </packing>
        </child>
      </object>
    </child>
  </object>
</interface>

Ugbu a detuo koodu ahụ dị n'elu wee mado ya na faịlụ \ui.glade na nchekwa ụlọ gị. Ugbu a mepụta faịlụ ọhụrụ akpọrọ \mywebbrowser.py wee tinye ya. koodu na-esonụ n'ime ya, nkọwa niile dị na nkọwa.

#!/usr/bin/python 
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 

## Here we imported both Gtk library and the WebKit engine. 
from gi.repository import Gtk, WebKit 

class Handler: 
  
  def backbutton_clicked(self, button): 
  ## When the user clicks on the Back button, the '.go_back()' method is activated, which will send the user to the previous page automatically, this method is part from the WebKit engine. 
    browserholder.go_back() 

  def refreshbutton_clicked(self, button): 
  ## Same thing here, the '.reload()' method is activated when the 'Refresh' button is clicked. 
    browserholder.reload() 
    
  def enterkey_clicked(self, button): 
  ## To load the URL automatically when the "Enter" key is hit from the keyboard while focusing on the entry box, we have to use the '.load_uri()' method and grab the URL from the entry box. 
    browserholder.load_uri(urlentry.get_text()) 
    
## Nothing new here.. We just imported the 'ui.glade' file. 
builder = Gtk.Builder() 
builder.add_from_file("ui.glade") 
builder.connect_signals(Handler()) 

window = builder.get_object("window1") 

## Here's the new part.. We created a global object called 'browserholder' which will contain the WebKit rendering engine, and we set it to 'WebKit.WebView()' which is the default thing to do if you want to add a WebKit engine to your program. 
browserholder = WebKit.WebView() 

## To disallow editing the webpage. 
browserholder.set_editable(False) 

## The default URL to be loaded, we used the 'load_uri()' method. 
browserholder.load_uri("https://linux-console.net") 

urlentry = builder.get_object("entry1") 
urlentry.set_text("https://linux-console.net") 

## Here we imported the scrolledwindow1 object from the ui.glade file. 
scrolled_window = builder.get_object("scrolledwindow1") 

## We used the '.add()' method to add the 'browserholder' object to the scrolled window, which contains our WebKit browser. 
scrolled_window.add(browserholder) 

## And finally, we showed the 'browserholder' object using the '.show()' method. 
browserholder.show() 
 
## Give that developer a cookie ! 
window.connect("delete-event", Gtk.main_quit) 
window.show_all() 
Gtk.main()

Chekwaa faịlụ, wee mee ya.

$ chmod 755 mywebbrowser.py
$ ./mywebbrowser.py

Ma nke a bụ ihe ị ga-enweta.

Ị nwere ike zoo aka maka akwụkwọ iwu WebKitGtk iji chọpụta nhọrọ ndị ọzọ.

Na ngalaba a, anyị ga-amụta ka esi agba ọsọ iwu sistemụ mpaghara ma ọ bụ shei scripts sitere na faịlụ Python site na iji 'osmodul, nke ga - enyere anyị aka ịmepụta ihe ndekọ ihuenyo dị mfe maka desktọpụ site na iji 'avconv' iwu.

Mepee onye nrụpụta Glade, wee mepụta wijetị ndị a:

Mepụta wijetị 'window1'.
Mepụta wijetị 'box1'.
Mepụta 'bọtịnụ1', 'bọtịnụ2' na 'bọtịnụ3' wijetị.
Mepụta wijetị 'ntinye1'.

Mgbe eke n'elu kwuru wijetị, ị ga-n'okpuru interface.

Nke a bụ faịlụ ui.glade zuru ezu.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<!-- Generated with glade 3.16.1 --> 
<interface> 
  <requires lib="gtk+" version="3.10"/> 
  <object class="GtkWindow" id="window1"> 
    <property name="can_focus">False</property> 
    <property name="title" translatable="yes">Our Simple Recorder</property> 
    <property name="window_position">center</property> 
    <property name="default_width">300</property> 
    <property name="default_height">30</property> 
    <property name="icon_name">applications-multimedia</property> 
    <child> 
      <object class="GtkBox" id="box1"> 
        <property name="visible">True</property> 
        <property name="can_focus">False</property> 
        <child> 
          <object class="GtkEntry" id="entry1"> 
            <property name="visible">True</property> 
            <property name="can_focus">True</property> 
          </object> 
          <packing> 
            <property name="expand">False</property> 
            <property name="fill">True</property> 
            <property name="position">0</property> 
          </packing> 
        </child> 
        <child> 
          <object class="GtkButton" id="button1"> 
            <property name="label">gtk-media-record</property> 
            <property name="visible">True</property> 
            <property name="can_focus">True</property> 
            <property name="receives_default">True</property> 
            <property name="use_stock">True</property> 
            <property name="always_show_image">True</property> 
            <signal name="clicked" handler="recordbutton" swapped="no"/> 
          </object> 
          <packing> 
            <property name="expand">True</property> 
            <property name="fill">True</property> 
            <property name="position">1</property> 
          </packing> 
        </child> 
        <child> 
          <object class="GtkButton" id="button2"> 
            <property name="label">gtk-media-stop</property> 
            <property name="visible">True</property> 
            <property name="can_focus">True</property> 
            <property name="receives_default">True</property> 
            <property name="use_stock">True</property> 
            <property name="always_show_image">True</property> 
            <signal name="clicked" handler="stopbutton" swapped="no"/> 
          </object> 
          <packing> 
            <property name="expand">True</property> 
            <property name="fill">True</property> 
            <property name="position">2</property> 
          </packing> 
        </child> 
        <child> 
          <object class="GtkButton" id="button3"> 
            <property name="label">gtk-media-play</property> 
            <property name="visible">True</property> 
            <property name="can_focus">True</property> 
            <property name="receives_default">True</property> 
            <property name="use_stock">True</property> 
            <property name="always_show_image">True</property> 
            <signal name="clicked" handler="playbutton" swapped="no"/> 
          </object> 
          <packing> 
            <property name="expand">True</property> 
            <property name="fill">True</property> 
            <property name="position">3</property> 
          </packing> 
        </child> 
      </object> 
    </child> 
  </object> 
</interface>

Dị ka ọ na-adị, detuo koodu ahụ dị n'elu wee mado ya na faịlụ \ui.glade na ndekọ ụlọ gị, mepụta faịlụ \myrecorder.py ọhụrụ wee tinye ya. koodu na-esonụ n'ime ya (A na-akọwa ahịrị ọhụrụ ọ bụla na nkọwa).

#!/usr/bin/python 
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 

## Here we imported both Gtk library and the os module. 
from gi.repository import Gtk 
import os 
        
class Handler: 
  def recordbutton(self, button): 
    ## We defined a variable: 'filepathandname', we assigned the bash local variable '$HOME' to it + "/" + the file name from the text entry box. 
    filepathandname = os.environ["HOME"] + "/" + entry.get_text() 
    
    ## Here exported the 'filepathandname' variable from Python to the 'filename' variable in the shell. 
    os.environ["filename"] = filepathandname 
    
    ## Using 'os.system(COMMAND)' we can execute any shell command or shell script, here we executed the 'avconv' command to record the desktop video & audio. 
    os.system("avconv -f x11grab -r 25 -s `xdpyinfo | grep 'dimensions:'|awk '{print $2}'` -i :0.0 -vcodec libx264 -threads 4 $filename -y & ") 
    
    
  def stopbutton(self, button): 
    ## Run the 'killall avconv' command when the stop button is clicked. 
    os.system("killall avconv") 
    
  def playbutton(self, button): 
  ## Run the 'avplay' command in the shell to play the recorded file when the play button is clicked. 
    os.system("avplay $filename &") 
    
    
## Nothing new here.. We just imported the 'ui.glade' file. 
builder = Gtk.Builder() 
builder.add_from_file("ui.glade") 
builder.connect_signals(Handler()) 

window = builder.get_object("window1") 
entry = builder.get_object("entry1") 
entry.set_text("myrecording-file.avi") 

## Give that developer a cookie ! 
window.connect("delete-event", Gtk.main_quit) 
window.show_all() 
Gtk.main()

Ugbu a mee faịlụ ahụ site na itinye iwu ndị a na njedebe.

$ chmod 755 myrecorder.py
$ ./myrecorder.py

Na ị nwetara mbụ gị na-edekọ desktọpụ.

Ị nwere ike ịchọta ozi ndị ọzọ gbasara modul ''os' na Python OS Library.

Ma nke ahụ bụ ya, ịmepụta ngwa maka desktọpụ Linux adịghị esiri ike iji PyGObject, naanị ị ga-emepụta GUI, bubata ụfọdụ modul ma jikọta faịlụ Python na GUI, ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ, ọ dịghị obere. Enwere ọtụtụ nkuzi bara uru gbasara ime nke a na webụsaịtị PyGObject:

Ị nwara ịmepụta ngwa site na iji PyGObject? Kedu ihe ị chere maka ime otú ahụ? Kedu ngwa ị mepụtara na mbụ?