Ịtọlite RAID 10 ma ọ bụ 1+0 (Nested) na Linux - Nkebi 6


RAID 10 bụ ngwakọta nke RAID 0 na RAID 1 iji mepụta RAID 10. Iji dozie Raid 10, anyị chọrọ opekata mpe 4 nke diski. N'edemede anyị mbụ, anyị ahụla ka esi edozi RAID 0 na RAID 1 nwere ọnụọgụ diski 2 kacha nta.

N'ebe a, anyị ga-eji ma RAID 0 na RAID 1 iji rụọ nhazi Raid 10 na opekempe 4 draịva. Were ya na anyị nwere ụfọdụ data echekwara na olu ezi uche dị na ya, nke a na-emepụta na RAID 10. Naanị dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na anyị na-echekwa data apple nke a ga-echekwa n'okpuru diski 4 niile site na usoro a.

Iji RAID 0 ọ ga-echekwa dị ka A na diski mbụ yana p na diski nke abụọ, ọzọkwa p na mbụ. diski na “l” na diski nke abụọ. Mgbe ahụ e na diski mbụ, dị ka nke a ọ ga-aga n'ihu na usoro Round Robin iji chekwaa data ahụ. Site na nke a anyị bịara mara na RAID 0 ga-ede ọkara nke data na diski mbụ na ọkara nke ọzọ nke data na diski nke abụọ.

Na usoro RAID 1, a ga-ede otu data na diski 2 ndị ọzọ dị ka ndị a. “A” ga-ede na diski mbụ na nke abụọ, “P” ga-edekwa na diski abụọ ahụ, Ọzọ “P” ọzọ ga-edegara ya. diski abụọ ahụ. Ya mere, iji RAID 1 ọ ga-edegara diski abụọ ahụ. Nke a ga-aga n'ihu na usoro okirikiri.

Ugbu a, unu niile bịara mara na otú RAID 10 si arụ ọrụ site na ijikọta ma RAID 0 na RAID 1. Ọ bụrụ na anyị nwere 4 nọmba nke 20 GB size disks, ọ ga-abụ 80 GB na mkpokọta, ma anyị ga-enweta naanị 40 GB nke Nchekwa ikike. , ọkara nke mkpokọta ikike ga-efunahụ maka iwulite RAID 10.

  1. Na-enye arụmọrụ ka mma.
  2. Anyị ga-ahapụ ike diski abụọ dị na RAID 10.
  3. Ịgụ na ide ga-adị mma nke ukwuu, n'ihi na ọ ga-ede ma na-agụ na diski 4 ahụ niile n'otu oge.
  4. Enwere ike iji ya maka ngwọta data data, nke chọrọ diski I/O dị elu na-ede.

Na RAID 10, anyị chọrọ opekempe nke diski 4, diski 2 mbụ maka RAID 0 na diski 2 ndị ọzọ maka RAID 1. Dị ka m kwuru na mbụ, RAID 10 bụ naanị ngwakọta nke RAID 0 & 1. Ọ bụrụ na anyị kwesịrị ịgbatị RAID. otu, anyị ga-amụba diski site opekempe 4 diski.

Operating System :	CentOS 6.5 Final
IP Address	 	:	192.168.0.229
Hostname	 	:	rd10.tecmintlocal.com
Disk 1 [20GB]	 	:	/dev/sdd
Disk 2 [20GB]	 	:	/dev/sdc
Disk 3 [20GB]	 	:	/dev/sdd
Disk 4 [20GB]	 	:	/dev/sde

Enwere ụzọ abụọ iji dozie RAID 10, mana ebe a, m ga-egosi gị ụzọ abụọ ahụ, mana m na-ahọrọ ka ị gbasoo usoro mbụ, nke na-eme ka ọrụ ahụ dịkwuo mfe maka ịtọlite RAID 10.

Usoro 1: Ịtọlite Raid 10

1. Nke mbụ, chọpụta na achọpụtara diski niile 4 agbakwunyere ma ọ bụ na-ejighị iwu a.

# ls -l /dev | grep sd

2. Ozugbo achọpụtara diski anọ ahụ, ọ bụ oge iji lelee draịva ma ọ dịlarị mwakpo ọ bụla tupu ịmepụta ọhụrụ.

# mdadm -E /dev/sd[b-e]
# mdadm --examine /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd /dev/sde

Mara: Na mmepụta dị n'elu, ị na-ahụ na ọ nweghị nnukwu mgbochi achọpụtara, nke ahụ pụtara na ọ nweghị RAID akọwapụtara na draịva 4 niile.

3. Ugbu a mepụta akụkụ ọhụrụ na diski 4 niile (/ dev/sdb,/dev/sdc,/dev/sdd na/dev/sde) site na iji ngwá ọrụ 'fdisk'.

# fdisk /dev/sdb
# fdisk /dev/sdc
# fdisk /dev/sdd
# fdisk /dev/sde

Ka m gosi gị otu esi ekewa otu diski (/ dev/sdb) site na iji fdisk, usoro a ga-abụkwa otu ihe ahụ maka diski ndị ọzọ niile.

# fdisk /dev/sdb

Biko jiri usoro ndị a maka ịmepụta nkebi ọhụrụ na /dev/sdb mbanye.

  1. Pịa 'n' maka ịmepụta nkebi ọhụrụ.
  2. Mgbe ahụ họrọ 'P' maka nkebi nke mbụ.
  3. Mgbe ahụ họrọ '1' ka ọ bụrụ nkebi nke mbụ.
  4. Pịa 'p' na-esote iji bipụta nkebi emepụtara.
  5. Gbanwee Ụdị, Ọ bụrụ na anyị kwesịrị ịma ụdị ọ bụla dịnụ Pịa 'L'.
  6. N'ebe a, anyị na-ahọpụta 'fd' ka ụdị m bụ RAID.
  7. Pịa 'p' ọzọ ka ibipụta nkebi akọwapụtara.
  8. Jirikwa ‘p’ ọzọ ka ibipụta mgbanwe ndị anyị mere.
  9. Jiri 'w' dee mgbanwe ndị a.

Mara: Biko jiri otu ntuziaka dị n'elu maka imepụta nkebi na diski ndị ọzọ (sdc, sdd sdd sde).

4. Mgbe na-eke niile 4 partitions, ọzọ mkpa ka ị na-enyocha draịva maka ọ bụla ugbua ẹdude mbuso agha na-eji iwu na-esonụ.

# mdadm -E /dev/sd[b-e]
# mdadm -E /dev/sd[b-e]1

OR

# mdadm --examine /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd /dev/sde
# mdadm --examine /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1

Mara: Mpụta ndị a dị n'elu na-egosi na ọ nweghị nnukwu mgbochi achọpụtara na akụkụ anọ emepụtara ọhụrụ, nke ahụ pụtara na anyị nwere ike ịga n'ihu imepụta RAID 10 na draịva ndị a.

5. Ugbu a ọ bụ oge ịmepụta ngwaọrụ 'md' (ie/dev/md0), na-eji 'mdadm' raid management tool. Tupu ịmepụta ngwaọrụ, sistemụ gị ga-enwerịrị ngwa 'mdadm' arụnyere, ma ọ bụrụ na etinyeghị ya na mbụ.

# yum install mdadm		[on RedHat systems]
# apt-get install mdadm 	[on Debain systems]

Ozugbo arụnyere ngwá ọrụ 'mdadm', ị nwere ike ịmepụta ngwaọrụ wakporo 'md' site na iji iwu na-esonụ.

# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=10 --raid-devices=4 /dev/sd[b-e]1

6. Ọzọ nyochaa ngwaọrụ mbuso agha emepụtara ọhụrụ site na iji iwu 'cat'.

# cat /proc/mdstat

7. Ọzọ, nyochaa 4 draịva niile site na iji iwu dị n'okpuru. Nsonaazụ nke iwu dị n'okpuru ga-adị ogologo oge ọ na-egosipụta ozi nke diski 4 niile.

# mdadm --examine /dev/sd[b-e]1

8. Ọzọ, lelee nkọwa nke Raid Array site n'enyemaka nke iwu na-esonụ.

# mdadm --detail /dev/md0

Mara: Ị na-ahụ na nsonaazụ dị n'elu, na ọkwa nke Raid nọ na-arụ ọrụ ma na-emegharị ọzọ.

9. Mepụta usoro faịlụ site na iji ext4 maka 'md0' wee bulie ya n'okpuru '/mnt/raid10'. N'ebe a, ejirila m ext4, mana ị nwere ike iji ụdị faịlụ ọ bụla ma ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ.

# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0

10. Mgbe ịmepụtara faịlụ faịlụ, gbanye usoro faịlụ-mepụtara n'okpuru '/ mnt/raid10' wee depụta ọdịnaya nke ebe ugwu site na iji iwu 'ls -l'.

# mkdir /mnt/raid10
# mount /dev/md0 /mnt/raid10/
# ls -l /mnt/raid10/

Na-esote, tinye ụfọdụ faịlụ n'okpuru mount point ma tinye ụfọdụ ederede n'ime faịlụ ọ bụla wee lelee ọdịnaya.

# touch /mnt/raid10/raid10_files.txt
# ls -l /mnt/raid10/
# echo "raid 10 setup with 4 disks" > /mnt/raid10/raid10_files.txt
# cat /mnt/raid10/raid10_files.txt

11. Maka automounting, mepee faịlụ '/ etc/fstab' ma tinye ntinye n'okpuru na fstab, nwere ike ịbụ ebe ugwu ga-adị iche dị ka gburugburu ebe obibi gị. Chekwa ma kwụsị iji wq!.

# vim /etc/fstab

/dev/md0                /mnt/raid10              ext4    defaults        0 0

12. Na-esote, nyochaa faịlụ '/ etc/fstab' maka njehie ọ bụla tupu ịmalitegharịa usoro site na iji 'mount -a' iwu.

# mount -av

13. Site na ndabara RAID enweghị faịlụ nhazi, ya mere anyị kwesịrị iji aka gị chekwaa ya mgbe emechara usoro niile dị n'elu, iji chekwaa ntọala ndị a n'oge buut usoro.

# mdadm --detail --scan --verbose >> /etc/mdadm.conf

Nke ahụ bụ ya, anyị mepụtara RAID 10 site na iji usoro 1, usoro a dị mfe karị. Ugbu a, ka anyị gaa n'ihu ịtọlite RAID 10 site na iji usoro 2.

Usoro 2: Mepụta RAID 10

1. Na usoro 2, anyị ga-akọwapụta 2 setịpụ nke RAID 1 na mgbe ahụ, anyị kwesịrị ịkọwa RAID 0 site na iji ihe ndị e kere RAID 1. N'ebe a, ihe anyị ga-eme bụ ibu ụzọ mepụta enyo abụọ (RAID1) wee yipụ RAID0.

Nke mbụ, depụta diski niile dị maka ịmepụta RAID 10.

# ls -l /dev | grep sd

2. Kewaa diski 4 niile site na iji iwu 'fdisk'. Maka nkewa, ị nwere ike iso # nzọụkwụ 3 n'elu.

# fdisk /dev/sdb
# fdisk /dev/sdc
# fdisk /dev/sdd
# fdisk /dev/sde

3. Mgbe partitioning niile 4 diski, ugbu a na-enyocha disks ọ bụla dị wakporo blocks.

# mdadm --examine /dev/sd[b-e]
# mdadm --examine /dev/sd[b-e]1

4. Mbụ ka m mepụta 2 sets nke RAID 1 iji 4 disks 'sdb1' na 'sdc1' na ndị ọzọ na-eji 'sdd1' & 'sde1'.

# mdadm --create /dev/md1 --metadata=1.2 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sd[b-c]1
# mdadm --create /dev/md2 --metadata=1.2 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sd[d-e]1
# cat /proc/mdstat

5. Ọzọ, mepụta RAID 0 site na iji md1 na md2 ngwaọrụ.

# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=0 --raid-devices=2 /dev/md1 /dev/md2
# cat /proc/mdstat

6. Anyị kwesịrị ịchekwa Nhazi n'okpuru '/etc/mdadm.conf'iji buo ngwa agha niile n'oge ọ bụla nrụgharị.

# mdadm --detail --scan --verbose >> /etc/mdadm.conf

Mgbe nke a gasịrị, anyị kwesịrị ịgbaso # nzọụkwụ 3 Ịmepụta usoro faịlụ nke usoro 1.

Ọ bụ ya! anyị ekepụtala RAID 1 + 0 site na iji usoro 2. Anyị ga-atọpụ oghere diski abụọ ebe a, mana arụmọrụ ahụ ga-adị mma ma e jiri ya tụnyere ntọala mbuso agha ọ bụla.

Mmechi

N'ebe a, anyị mepụtara RAID 10 site na iji ụzọ abụọ. RAID 10 na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma yana arụ ọrụ. Echere na nke a ga-enyere gị aka ịghọta maka ọkwa RAID 10 Nested Raid. Ka anyị hụ ka esi eto n'usoro mbuso agha dị na ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ na akụkọ m na-abịa.