Ịmepụta RAID 5 (Striping with Distributed Parity) na Linux - Nkebi 4
Na RAID 5, ibe data na-agafe ọtụtụ draịva nwere nha anya ekesa. Ihe nkesa ahụ na nkwekọ nke kesara pụtara na ọ ga-ekewa ozi nchikota na data eriri n'elu ọtụtụ diski, nke ga-enwe ezigbo data redundancy.
Maka Ọkwa RAID ọ kwesịrị ịnwe opekata mpe draịva ike atọ ma ọ bụ karịa. A na-eji RAID 5 mee ihe na mpaghara mmepụta ihe dị ukwuu ebe ọ na-akwụ ụgwọ ma na-enye arụmọrụ yana redundancy.
Parity bụ ụzọ a na-ahụkarị maka ịchọpụta njehie na nchekwa data. Parity na-echekwa ozi na diski ọ bụla, Ka anyị kwuo na anyị nwere diski 4, na diski 4, otu oghere diski ga-ekewa n'ime diski niile iji chekwaa ozi nke parity. Ọ bụrụ na diski ọ bụla daa, anyị nwere ike nweta data ahụ site na iwughachi ozi n'otu n'otu mgbe dochie diski dara ada.
- Na-enye arụmọrụ ka mma
- Nkwado mweghachi na nnabata mmejọ.
- Kwado nhọrọ mapụtara dị ọkụ.
- A ga-atụfu otu ikike diski maka iji ozi nbikọrịta.
- Ọnweghị mfu data ma ọ bụrụ na otu diski ada ada. Anyị nwere ike wughachi site n'otu n'otu ma dochie diski dara ada.
- Dabara gburugburu ebe dabere na azụmahịa ka agụ ga-adị ngwa ngwa.
- N'ihi oke oke, ide ihe ga-adị nwayọ.
- Mwughachi na-ewe ogologo oge.
Achọrọ draịva siri ike 3 kacha nta iji mepụta Raid 5, mana ị nwere ike ịgbakwunye diski ndị ọzọ, naanị ma ọ bụrụ na ịnwe njikwa mwakpo ngwaike raara onwe ya nye nwere ọtụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri. N'ebe a, anyị na-eji RAID software na ngwugwu 'mdadm' iji mepụta mwakpo.
mdadm bụ ngwugwu na-enye anyị ohere ịhazi na jikwaa ngwaọrụ RAID na Linux. Site na ndabara enweghị faịlụ nhazi dị maka RAID, anyị ga-echekwa faịlụ nhazi mgbe ịmepụtara na ịhazi nhazi RAID na faịlụ dị iche a na-akpọ mdadm.conf.
Tupu ịga n'ihu, a na m atụ aro ka ị gabiga akụkọ ndị na-esonụ maka ịghọta isi nke RAID na Linux.
- Etụmatụ bụ isi nke RAID na Linux – Nkebi 1
- Ịmepụta RAID 0 (Stripe) na Linux – Nkebi nke 2
- Ịtọlite RAID 1 (Mirroring) na Linux - Nkebi nke 3
Operating System : CentOS 6.5 Final IP Address : 192.168.0.227 Hostname : rd5.tecmintlocal.com Disk 1 [20GB] : /dev/sdb Disk 2 [20GB] : /dev/sdc Disk 3 [20GB] : /dev/sdd
Edemede a bụ akụkụ nke 4 nke usoro RAID 9 nkuzi, ebe a, anyị ga-edozi sọftụwia RAID 5 nke nwere oke kesara na sistemụ Linux ma ọ bụ sava na-eji diski 20GB atọ aha ya bụ/dev/sdb,/dev/sdc, na/dev. /sdd.
Kwụpụ 1: Ịwụnye mdadm na nyochaa draịva
1. Dị ka anyị kwuru na mbụ, na anyị na-eji CentOS 6.5 Ntọhapụ ikpeazụ maka nhazi mbuso agha a, mana enwere ike ịgbaso otu usoro maka nhazi RAID na nkesa Linux ọ bụla.
# lsb_release -a # ifconfig | grep inet
2. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-agbaso usoro wakporo anyị, anyị na-eche na ị tinyelarị ngwugwu 'mdadm', ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị, jiri iwu na-esonụ dị ka nkesa Linux gị si wụnye ngwugwu ahụ.
# yum install mdadm [on RedHat systems] # apt-get install mdadm [on Debain systems]
3. Mgbe nrụnye ngwugwu 'mdadm', ka anyị depụta diski atọ 20GB nke anyị gbakwunyere na sistemụ anyị site na iji iwu 'fdisk'.
# fdisk -l | grep sd
4. Ugbu a ọ bụ oge iji nyochaa draịva atọ agbakwunyere maka ihe ọ bụla RAID blocks dị na draịva ndị a site na iji iwu na-esonụ.
# mdadm -E /dev/sd[b-d] # mdadm --examine /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd
Mara: Site na onyonyo dị n'elu gosiri na ọ nwebeghị nnukwu mgbochi achọpụtara. Yabụ, ọ nweghị RAID akọwapụtara na draịva atọ niile. Ka anyị malite ịmepụta otu ugbu a.
Kwụpụ 2: Kewaa diski maka RAID
5. Nke mbụ, anyị ga-ekewa diski ahụ (/ dev/sdb,/dev/sdc, na/dev/sdd) tupu ịgbakwunye na RAID, Ya mere, ka anyị kọwaa nkebi site na iji 'fdisk' iwu, tupu ibuga. ya na nzọụkwụ ọzọ.
# fdisk /dev/sdb # fdisk /dev/sdc # fdisk /dev/sdd
Biko soro ntuziaka dị n'okpuru ka imepụta nkebi na draịva /dev/sdb.
- Pịa 'n' maka ịmepụta nkebi ọhụrụ.
- Họrọ 'P' maka nkebi nke mbụ. N'ebe a, anyị na-ahọrọ Primary n'ihi na enwebeghị nkewa akọwapụtara.
- Mgbe ahụ họrọ '1' ka ọ bụrụ nkebi nke mbụ. Site na ndabara, ọ ga-abụ 1.
- Ebe a maka nha cylinder, anyị agaghị ahọrọ nha akọwapụtara n'ihi na anyị chọrọ akụkụ dum maka RAID wee pịa Tinye ugboro abụọ ka ịhọrọ nha zuru oke nke ndabara.
- Pịa 'p' na-esote iji bipụta nkebi emepụtara.
- Gbanwee Ụdị, Ọ bụrụ na anyị kwesịrị ịma ụdị ọ bụla dịnụ Pịa 'L'.
- N'ebe a, anyị na-ahọpụta 'fd' ka ụdị m bụ RAID.
- Pịa 'p' ọzọ ka ibipụta nkebi akọwapụtara.
- Jirikwa ‘p’ ọzọ ka ibipụta mgbanwe ndị anyị mere.
- Jiri 'w' dee mgbanwe ndị a.
Mara: Anyị ga-agbaso usoro ndị a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu iji mepụta akụkụ maka sdc & sdd draịva kwa.
Ugbu a kewaa sdc na sdd draịva site na ịgbaso usoro enyere na nseta ihuenyo ma ọ bụ ị nwere ike soro usoro ndị a dị n'elu.
# fdisk /dev/sdc
# fdisk /dev/sdd
6. Mgbe ịmepụtachara nkebi, lelee mgbanwe na sdb atọ, sdc, & sdd.
# mdadm --examine /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd or # mdadm -E /dev/sd[b-d]
Mara: Na foto dị n'elu. gosi na ụdị bụ fd ya bụ maka RAID.
7. Ugbu a Lelee maka RAID blocks na ọhụrụ kere partitions. Ọ bụrụ na achọpụtaghị nnukwu ngọngọ mgbe ahụ anyị nwere ike ịga n'ihu imepụta ntọala RAID 5 ọhụrụ na draịva ndị a.
Nzọụkwụ 3: Ịmepụta md ngwaọrụ md0
8. Ugbu a mepụta ngwaọrụ Raid 'md0' (ya bụ/dev/md0) ma tinye ọkwa wakporo na akụkụ niile emepụtara ọhụrụ (sdb1, sdc1, na sdd1) site na iji iwu dị n'okpuru.
# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-devices=3 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 or # mdadm -C /dev/md0 -l=5 -n=3 /dev/sd[b-d]1
9. Mgbe ịmepụtara ngwaọrụ wakporo, lelee ma nyochaa RAID, ngwaọrụ gụnyere, yana ọkwa RAID site na mdstat mmepụta.
# cat /proc/mdstat
Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ inyocha usoro ụlọ ugbu a, ị nwere ike iji iwu 'watch', naanị gafere 'cat/proc/mdstat' na iwu nche nke ga-eme ka ihuenyo dị ọhụrụ kwa nkeji 1 ọ bụla.
# watch -n1 cat /proc/mdstat
10. Mgbe ike nke mbuso agha, Nyochaa mbuso agha ngwaọrụ iji na-esonụ iwu.
# mdadm -E /dev/sd[b-d]1
Mara: Mpụta nke iwu dị n'elu ga-adị ntakịrị ogologo oge ka ọ na-ebipụta ozi nke draịva atọ niile.
11. Na-esote, nyochaa usoro RAID ka ọ chee na ngwaọrụ ndị anyị tinyere na ọkwa RAID na-agba ọsọ ma malite ịmegharị.
# mdadm --detail /dev/md0
Kwụpụ 4: Mepụta sistemụ faịlụ maka md0
12. Mepụta usoro faịlụ maka ngwaọrụ 'md0' site na iji ext4 tupu ịrịgo.
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0
13. Ugbu a mepụta ndekọ n'okpuru '/ mnt' wee bulie usoro faịlụ nke emepụtara n'okpuru/mnt/raid5 wee lelee faịlụ ndị dị n'okpuru ebe ugwu, ị ga-ahụ ndekọ ndekọ furu efu + chọtara.
# mkdir /mnt/raid5 # mount /dev/md0 /mnt/raid5/ # ls -l /mnt/raid5/
14. Mepụta faịlụ ole na ole n'okpuru mount point /mnt/raid5 ma tinye ụfọdụ ederede na faịlụ ọ bụla iji nyochaa ọdịnaya.
# touch /mnt/raid5/raid5_tecmint_{1..5}
# ls -l /mnt/raid5/
# echo "tecmint raid setups" > /mnt/raid5/raid5_tecmint_1
# cat /mnt/raid5/raid5_tecmint_1
# cat /proc/mdstat
15. Anyị kwesịrị ịgbakwunye ntinye na fstab, ọzọ agaghị egosipụta ebe ugwu anyị mgbe usoro reboot gasịrị. Iji tinye ntinye, anyị kwesịrị idezi faịlụ fstab wee tinye ahịrị na-esonụ dị ka egosiri n'okpuru. Ebe ugwu ga-adị iche dabere na gburugburu gị.
# vim /etc/fstab /dev/md0 /mnt/raid5 ext4 defaults 0 0
16. Na-esote, na-agba ọsọ 'mount -av' iwu iji lelee ma njehie ọ bụla na ntinye fstab.
# mount -av
Kwụpụ 5: Chekwaa nhazi Raid 5
17. Dị ka e kwuru na mbụ na ngalaba chọrọ, site na ndabara RAID enweghị faịlụ nhazi. Anyị ga-eji aka anyị chekwaa ya. Ọ bụrụ na esoghị nzọụkwụ a ngwaọrụ RAID agaghị adị na md0, ọ ga-abụ na ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ ọzọ.
Yabụ, anyị ga-echekwa nhazi ahụ tupu ịmalitegharị sistemụ. Ọ bụrụ na echekwabara nhazi ahụ, a ga-ebunye ya na kernel n'oge nrụpụta sistemụ ma RAID ga-ebukwa ya.
# mdadm --detail --scan --verbose >> /etc/mdadm.conf
Mara: Ịchekwa nhazi ahụ ga-eme ka ọkwa RAID kwụsie ike na ngwaọrụ md0.
Kwụpụ 6: Tinye draịva mapụtara
18. Kedu ihe bara uru ịgbakwunye mbanye mapụtara? ọ bara uru nke ukwuu ma ọ bụrụ na anyị nwere draịva mapụtara, ọ bụrụ na diski ọ bụla daa n'usoro anyị, draịva a mapụtara ga-arụ ọrụ ma wughachi usoro ahụ wee mekọrịta data sitere na diski ndị ọzọ, yabụ anyị nwere ike ịhụ redundancy ebe a.
Maka ntuziaka ndị ọzọ gbasara otu esi etinye draịva mapụtara wee lelee nnabata mmejọ Raid 5, gụọ # Nzọụkwụ 6 na # Nzọụkwụ 7 n'isiokwu na-esonụ.
- Tinye mbanye mapụtara na ntọala Raid 5
Mmechi
N'ebe a, n'isiokwu a, anyị ahụla ka esi edozi RAID 5 site na iji diski atọ. E mesịa na isiokwu m na-abịa, anyị ga-ahụ ka esi edozi nsogbu mgbe diski dara na RAID 5 na otu esi edochi ya maka mgbake.