Tọọ ọkwa RAID nke 6 (nkwụsị ya na nkesa nkesa abụọ) na Linux - Nkebi 5
RAID 6 ka emelitere ụdị RAID 5, ebe o nwere nha anya abụọ kesara nke na-enye nnabata mmejọ ọbụlagodi mgbe draịva abụọ daa. Sistemu dị oke egwu ka na-arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụrụ na diski diski abụọ na-adakọ ọnụ. Ọ dị ka RAID 5, mana ọ na-enyekwu ike, n'ihi na ọ na-eji otu diski ọzọ maka nha anya.
N'edemede anyị mbụ, anyị ahụla na RAID 5 kesara kesara, mana n'isiokwu a, anyị ga-ahụ RAID 6 na nkesa nkesa abụọ. Atụla anya arụmọrụ karịa RAID ọ bụla ọzọ, ọ bụrụ na anyị ga-etinyekwa njikwa RAID raara onwe ya nye. Ebe a na RAID 6 ọ bụrụgodị na anyị tufuru diski abụọ anyị, anyị nwere ike nwetaghachi data ahụ site na dochie draịva mapụtara ma wuo ya site na nha anya.
Ka ịtọlite RAID 6, a chọrọ opekempe 4 ọnụọgụ diski ma ọ bụ karịa na nhazi. RAID 6 nwere ọtụtụ diski ọbụna na ụfọdụ set ọ nwere ike ịnwe ụfọdụ diski, mgbe ọ na-agụ ya, ọ ga-agụ ya na draịva niile, yabụ ịgụ akwụkwọ ga-adị ngwa ngwa ebe ide ihe ga-adị njọ n'ihi na ọ ga-enwerịrị. eriri n'elu otutu diski.
Ugbu a, ọtụtụ n'ime anyị na-abịa ná nkwubi, ihe mere anyị kwesịrị iji RAID 6, mgbe ọ na-adịghị arụ ọrụ dị ka ọ bụla ọzọ RAID. Hmm… ndị na-ebuli ajụjụ a kwesịrị ịma na, ọ bụrụ na ha chọrọ nnukwu mmegide mmejọ họrọ RAID 6. N'ebe ọ bụla dị elu nwere nnukwu ohere maka nchekwa data, ha na-eji RAID 6 n'ihi na nchekwa data bụ ihe kacha mkpa na kwesịrị ịdị mma na ọnụ ahịa ọ bụla, ọ nwekwara ike ịba uru maka gburugburu vidiyo vidiyo.
- Arụmọrụ dị mma.
- RAID 6 dị oke ọnụ, n'ihi na ọ chọrọ ka ejiri draịva abụọ kwụụrụ onwe ya rụọ ọrụ n'otu n'otu.
- Ọ ga-atọpụ ikike diski abụọ maka iji ozi parity (okpukpu abụọ).
- Ọnweghị mfu data, ọbụlagodi mgbe diski abụọ dara. Anyị nwere ike wughachi site n'otu n'otu mgbe dochie diski dara ada.
- Ọgụgụ ga-aka mma karịa RAID 5, n'ihi na ọ na-agụ site na ọtụtụ diski, mana ịrụ ọrụ ide ihe ga-ada nke ukwuu ma ọ bụrụ na ọ nweghị onye njikwa RAID raara onwe ya nye.
Opekempe 4 ọnụọgụ diski chọrọ ka imepụta RAID 6. Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ịgbakwunye diski ndị ọzọ, ị nwere ike, mana ị ga-enwerịrị onye njikwa wakporo raara onwe ya nye. Na software RAID, anyị agaghị enweta arụmọrụ ka mma na RAID 6. Ya mere, anyị chọrọ onye na-ahụ maka RAID anụ ahụ.
Ndị dị ọhụrụ na nhazi RAID, anyị na-akwado ịgafe akụkọ RAID n'okpuru.
- Etụmatụ bụ isi nke RAID na Linux – Nkebi 1
- Ịmepụta RAID 0 (Stripe) Software na Linux – Nkebi nke 2
- Ịtọlite RAID 1 (Mirroring) na Linux - Nkebi nke 3
Operating System : CentOS 6.5 Final IP Address : 192.168.0.228 Hostname : rd6.tecmintlocal.com Disk 1 [20GB] : /dev/sdb Disk 2 [20GB] : /dev/sdc Disk 3 [20GB] : /dev/sdd Disk 4 [20GB] : /dev/sde
Edemede a bụ akụkụ 5 nke usoro nkuzi RAID nke 9, ebe a ka anyị ga-ahụ ka anyị nwere ike ịmepụta na hazie Software RAID 6 ma ọ bụ Striping with Double Distributed Parity na Linux Systems ma ọ bụ sava na-eji diski 20GB anọ aha ya bụ/dev/sdb, /dev/sdc, /dev/sdd na /dev/sde.
Kwụpụ 1: Ịwụnye ngwa mdadm wee nyochaa draịva
1. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-agbaso akụkọ Raid abụọ ikpeazụ anyị (Nkebi nke 2 na Nkebi 3), ebe anyị egosilarị otu esi etinye ngwá ọrụ 'mdadm'. Ọ bụrụ na ị bụ onye ọhụrụ na isiokwu a, ka m kọwaa na 'mdadm' bụ ngwá ọrụ iji mepụta na jikwaa Raid na sistemụ Linux, ka anyị tinye ngwá ọrụ ahụ site na iji iwu na-esonụ dị ka nkesa Linux gị si dị.
# yum install mdadm [on RedHat systems] # apt-get install mdadm [on Debain systems]
2. Mgbe ị wụnye ngwá ọrụ ahụ, ugbu a bụ oge iji nyochaa draịva anọ agbakwunyere nke anyị ga-eji maka ịmepụta mwakpo site na iji iwu 'fdisk' na-esonụ.
# fdisk -l | grep sd
3. Tupu ịmepụta draịva RAID, na-enyocha draịva diski anyị mgbe niile ma ọ nwere RAID emeberelarị na diski ahụ.
# mdadm -E /dev/sd[b-e] # mdadm --examine /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd /dev/sde
Mara: Na onyonyo a dị n'elu na-egosi na ọ nweghị ihe mgbochi ọ bụla achọpụtara ma ọ bụ enweghị RAID akọwapụtara na draịva diski anọ. Anyị nwere ike ịga n'ihu ịmalite ịmepụta RAID 6.
Kwụpụ 2: Mbanye nkewa maka RAID 6
4. Ugbu a mepụta partitions maka wakporo na '/ dev/sdb', '/ dev/sdc', '/ dev/sdd' na '/ dev/sde' na enyemaka nke na-eso fdisk iwu. N'ebe a, anyị ga-egosi otu esi emepụta nkebi na sdb mbanye na emechaa otu usoro a ga-agbaso maka draịva ndị ọzọ.
# fdisk /dev/sdb
Biko soro ntuziaka dị ka egosiri n'okpuru maka ịmepụta nkebi.
- Pịa 'n' maka ịmepụta nkebi ọhụrụ.
- Mgbe ahụ họrọ 'P' maka nkebi nke mbụ.
- Ọzọ, họrọ nọmba nkebi ka 1.
- Kwapụta uru ndabara site na ịpị naanị ugboro abụọ Tinye igodo.
- Pịa 'P' ọzọ ka ibipụta nkebi akọwapụtara.
- Pịa 'L' ka ịdepụta ụdị niile dị.
- Pịnye 't' ka ịhọrọ nkebi.
- Họrọ 'fd' maka Linux raid auto wee pịa Tinye ka itinye.
- Jirikwa 'P' ọzọ ka ibipụta mgbanwe ndị anyị mere.
- Jiri 'w' dee mgbanwe ndị a.
# fdisk /dev/sdc
# fdisk /dev/sdd
# fdisk /dev/sde
5. Mgbe ịmepụta nkebi, ọ bụ àgwà ọma mgbe niile iji nyochaa draịva maka ibu-blocks. Ọ bụrụ na super-blocks adịghị karịa anyị nwere ike ịga n'isi iji mepụta ntọala RAID ọhụrụ.
# mdadm -E /dev/sd[b-e]1 or # mdadm --examine /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1
Nzọụkwụ 3: Ịmepụta md ngwaọrụ (RAID)
6. Ugbu a ọ bụ oge ịmepụta ngwaọrụ Raid 'md0' (ya bụ/dev/md0) ma tinye ọkwa wakporo na akụkụ niile emepụtara ọhụrụ wee kwado mwakpo ahụ site na iji iwu ndị a.
# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=6 --raid-devices=4 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1 # cat /proc/mdstat
7. Ị nwekwara ike ịlele usoro nke ịwakpo ugbu a site na iji iwu nche dị ka e gosiri na ihuenyo jidere n'okpuru.
# watch -n1 cat /proc/mdstat
8. Nyochaa ngwaọrụ wakporo site na iji iwu a.
# mdadm -E /dev/sd[b-e]1
Rịba ama:: Iwu a dị n'elu ga-egosipụta ozi nke diski anọ ahụ, nke dị ogologo ma ọ gaghị ekwe omume biputere mmepụta ma ọ bụ ihuenyo ebe a.
9. Ọzọ, nyochaa RAID n'usoro iji gosi na re-syncing amalite.
# mdadm --detail /dev/md0
Nzọụkwụ 4: Ịmepụta FileSystem na Raid Device
10. Mepụta usoro faịlụ site na iji ext4 maka '/ dev/md0' wee bulie ya n'okpuru /mnt/raid6. N'ebe a, anyị ejirila ext4, mana ị nwere ike iji ụdị faịlụ ọ bụla dịka nhọrọ gị.
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0
11. Ugwu kere filesystem n'okpuru /mnt/raid6ma nyochaa faịlụ n'okpuru ugwu ebe, anyị nwere ike ịhụ furu efu+ hụrụ ndekọ.
# mkdir /mnt/raid6 # mount /dev/md0 /mnt/raid6/ # ls -l /mnt/raid6/
12. Mepụta ụfọdụ faịlụ n'okpuru mount point ma tinye ụfọdụ ederede n'ime faịlụ ọ bụla iji nyochaa ọdịnaya.
# touch /mnt/raid6/raid6_test.txt # ls -l /mnt/raid6/ # echo "tecmint raid setups" > /mnt/raid6/raid6_test.txt # cat /mnt/raid6/raid6_test.txt
13. Tinye ntinye na /etc/fstabiji na-ebunye ngwaọrụ ahụ na mmalite usoro ma tinye ntinye n'okpuru ebe a, ebe ugwu nwere ike ịdị iche dị ka gburugburu ebe obibi gị.
# vim /etc/fstab /dev/md0 /mnt/raid6 ext4 defaults 0 0
14. Na-esote, mebie iwu 'mount -a' iji nyochaa ma enwere njehie ọ bụla na ntinye fstab.
# mount -av
Kwụpụ 5: Chekwa RAID 6 nhazi
15. Biko mara na ndabara RAID enweghị faịlụ nhazi. Anyị ga-echekwa ya site na iji aka na-eji iwu dị n'okpuru wee chọpụta ọnọdụ nke ngwaọrụ '/ dev/md0'.
# mdadm --detail --scan --verbose >> /etc/mdadm.conf # mdadm --detail /dev/md0
Kwụpụ 6: Tinye draịva mapụtara
16. Ugbu a, ọ nwere 4 diski na e nwere ihe abụọ parity ozi dị. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ọ bụrụ na diski ọ bụla daa, anyị nwere ike nweta data ahụ, n'ihi na enwere mbelata okpukpu abụọ na RAID 6.
Nwere ike ịbụ ma ọ bụrụ na diski nke abụọ ada ada, anyị nwere ike itinye nke ọhụrụ tupu ịtọpụ diski atọ. Ọ ga-ekwe omume ịgbakwunye draịva mapụtara mgbe ị na-eke setịpụ RAID anyị, mana akọwapụtabeghị m draịva mapụtara mgbe ị na-eke setịpụ mwakpo anyị. Ma, anyị nwere ike tinye a mapụtara mbanye mgbe ọ bụla mbanye ọdịda ma ọ bụ mgbe na-eke RAID set. Ugbu a, anyị emebelarị RAID set ugbu a ka m tinye draịva mapụtara maka ngosipụta.
Maka ebumnuche ngosi, etinyela m diski HDD ọhụrụ (ya bụ /dev/sdf), ka anyị nyochaa diski agbakwunyere.
# ls -l /dev/ | grep sd
17. Ugbu a ọzọ gosi na ọhụrụ mmasị disk maka ọ bụla wakporo na-ama ahazi ma ọ bụ na-ejighị otu mdadm iwu.
# mdadm --examine /dev/sdf
Mara: Dị ka ọ dị na mbụ, dị ka anyị emepụtala akụkụ maka diski anọ na mbụ, n'otu aka ahụ anyị ga-emepụta nkebi ọhụrụ na diski ọhụrụ plugged site na iji fdisk iwu.
# fdisk /dev/sdf
18. Ọzọ mgbe ịmepụtara nkebi ọhụrụ na/dev/sdf, kwado mwakpo ahụ na nkebi ahụ, tinye draịva mapụtara na/dev/md0 raid ngwaọrụ ma nyochaa ngwaọrụ agbakwunyere.
# mdadm --examine /dev/sdf # mdadm --examine /dev/sdf1 # mdadm --add /dev/md0 /dev/sdf1 # mdadm --detail /dev/md0
Kwụpụ 7: Lelee nnabata mmejọ Raid 6
19. Ugbu a, ka anyị lelee ma mapụtara mbanye na-arụ ọrụ na-akpaghị aka, ma ọ bụrụ na onye ọ bụla nke disk ada na anyị Array. Maka nnwale, ejiri m aka m gosi na otu n'ime draịva ahụ dara.
N'ebe a, anyị ga-akara /dev/sdd1 ka mbanye dara ada.
# mdadm --manage --fail /dev/md0 /dev/sdd1
20. Ka m nweta nkọwa nke RAID setịpụrụ ugbu a wee lelee ma mapụtara anyị malitere imekọrịta.
# mdadm --detail /dev/md0
Ngwa ngwa! Ebe a, anyị nwere ike ịhụ na mapụtara nwetara n'ọrụ wee malite iwughachi usoro. N'okpuru anyị nwere ike ịhụ draịva ezighi ezi /dev/sdd1 edepụtara dị ka ezighi ezi. Anyị nwere ike nyochaa usoro iwu site na iji iwu a.
# cat /proc/mdstat
Mmechi:
N'ebe a, anyị ahụla ka esi edozi RAID 6 site na iji diski anọ. Ọkwa RAID a bụ otu n'ime ntọala dị oke ọnụ nke nwere nnukwu ọrụ. Anyị ga-ahụ ka esi edozi Nsted RAID 10 na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ n'isiokwu na-esote. Ruo mgbe ahụ, nọrọ na TECMNT jikọọ.