Ịtọlite RAID 1 (Mirroring) site na iji diski abụọ na Linux - Nkebi 3
RAID Mirroring pụtara kpọmkwem clone (ma ọ bụ mirror) nke otu data na-ede na draịva abụọ. Opekempe ọnụọgụ abụọ nke diski chọrọ karịa n'usoro iji mepụta RAID1 ma ọ bara uru naanị, mgbe agụpụta arụmọrụ ma ọ bụ ntụkwasị obi ziri ezi karịa ikike nchekwa data.
A na-emepụta enyo iji chebe onwe ya pụọ na mfu data n'ihi ọdịda diski. Disk ọ bụla n'enyo na-agụnye kpọmkwem nnomi nke data. Mgbe otu diski dara, enwere ike iweghachite otu data ahụ na diski ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ. Agbanyeghị, enwere ike dochie draịva dara ada site na kọmputa na-agba ọsọ na-enweghị nkwụsịtụ onye ọrụ.
Njirimara nke RAID 1
- Mirror nwere arụmọrụ dị mma.
- 50% nke oghere ga-efunahụ ya. Nke pụtara na ọ bụrụ na anyị nwere diski abụọ nwere mkpokọta nha 500GB, ọ ga-abụ 1TB mana na Mirroring ọ ga-egosi anyị naanị 500GB.
- Ọnweghị mfu data na Mirroring ma ọ bụrụ na otu diski ada ada, n'ihi na anyị nwere otu ọdịnaya na diski abụọ ahụ.
- Ịgụ ga-adị mma karịa ide data ka ịkwọ ụgbọala.
Opekempe ọnụọgụ abụọ nke diski ka ekwe ka ịmepụta RAID 1, mana ị nwere ike itinyekwu diski site na iji ugboro abụọ dịka 2, 4, 6, 8. Iji tinyekwuo diski, sistemụ gị ga-enwerịrị ihe nkwụnye anụ ahụ RAID (kaadị ngwa ngwa).
N'ebe a, anyị na-eji mwakpo sọftụwia ọ bụghị mwakpo ngwaike, ọ bụrụ na sistemụ gị nwere kaadị mbuso agha anụ ahụ arụrụ arụ, ị nwere ike nweta ya site na UI bara uru ma ọ bụ jiri igodo Ctrl + I.
Gụọkwa: Echiche bụ isi nke RAID na Linux
Operating System : CentOS 6.5 Final IP Address : 192.168.0.226 Hostname : rd1.tecmintlocal.com Disk 1 [20GB] : /dev/sdb Disk 2 [20GB] : /dev/sdc
Edemede a ga-eduzi gị site na ntuziaka nzọụkwụ site na otu esi edobe ngwanrọ RAID 1 ma ọ bụ Mirror site na iji mdadm (na-emepụta ma na-ejikwa mbuso agha) na Linux Platform. Agbanyeghị na otu ntuziaka ahụ na-arụkwa ọrụ na nkesa Linux ndị ọzọ dị ka RedHat, CentOS, Fedora, wdg.
Kwụpụ 1: Wụnye ihe achọrọ ma nyochaa draịva
1. Dịka m kwuru n'elu, anyị na-eji mdadm utility maka ịmepụta na ijikwa RAID na Linux. Yabụ, ka anyị tinye ngwugwu ngwanrọ mdadm na Linux site na iji yum ma ọ bụ ngwa njikwa ngwugwu apt-get.
# yum install mdadm [on RedHat systems] # apt-get install mdadm [on Debain systems]
2. Ozugbo etinyere ngwugwu 'mdadm', anyị kwesịrị inyocha draịva diski anyị ma enweelarị mwakpo ọ bụla ahaziri site na iji iwu a.
# mdadm -E /dev/sd[b-c]
Dịka ị na-ahụ site na ihuenyo dị n'elu, na ọ nweghị ihe mgbochi ọ bụla achọpụtara, pụtara enweghị RAID akọwapụtara.
Kwụpụ 2: Mbanye nkebi maka RAID
3. Dị ka m kwuru n'elu, na anyị na-eji opekempe abụọ partitions/dev/sdb na/dev/sdc maka ịmepụta RAID1. Ka anyị mepụta akụkụ na draịva abụọ a site na iji 'fdisk'iwu wee gbanwee ụdị ịwakpo n'oge okike nkebi.
# fdisk /dev/sdb
- Pịa 'n' maka ịmepụta nkebi ọhụrụ.
- Mgbe ahụ họrọ 'P' maka nkebi nke mbụ.
- Na-esote họrọ nọmba nkebi ka 1.
- Nye nha nke ndabara site na ịpị naanị ugboro abụọ Tinye igodo.
- Pịa 'p' ọzọ ka ibipụta nkebi akọwapụtara.
- Pịa 'L' ka ịdepụta ụdị niile dị.
- Pịnye 't'ịhọrọ nkebi.
- Họrọ 'fd' maka Linux raid auto wee pịa Tinye ka itinye.
- Jirikwa ‘p’ ọzọ ka ibipụta mgbanwe ndị anyị mere.
- Jiri 'w' dee mgbanwe ndị a.
Mgbe emechara nkebi '/ dev/sdb', soro otu ntuziaka ka imepụta nkebi ọhụrụ na/dev/sdc mbanye.
# fdisk /dev/sdc
4. Ozugbo emepụtara akụkụ abụọ ahụ nke ọma, nyochaa mgbanwe na ma sdb & sdc mbanye site na iji otu 'mdadm'iwu ma kwadokwa ụdị RAID dị ka egosiri na ihuenyo na-esote.
# mdadm -E /dev/sd[b-c]
Rịba ama: Dịka ị na-ahụ na foto dị n'elu, ọ nweghị RAID akọwapụtara na sdb1 na sdc1 draịva ruo ugbu a, nke ahụ bụ ihe kpatara anyị na-enweta dịka enweghị super-blocks achọpụtara.
Kwụpụ 3: Ịmepụta ngwaọrụ RAID1
5. Ọzọ mepụta RAID1 Ngwaọrụ a na-akpọ '/ dev/md0' na-eji iwu na-esonụ na eziokwu ya.
# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=mirror --raid-devices=2 /dev/sd[b-c]1 # cat /proc/mdstat
6. Na-esote lelee ụdị ngwa agha wakporo na ngwa agha na-eji iwu ndị a.
# mdadm -E /dev/sd[b-c]1 # mdadm --detail /dev/md0
Site na foto ndị dị n'elu, mmadụ nwere ike ịghọta ngwa ngwa na raid1 ka emepụtara na iji/dev/sdb1 na/dev/sdc1 partitions na ị nwere ike ịhụ ọkwa dị ka resyncing.
Kwụpụ 4: Mepụta Sistemụ Njikwa na Ngwaọrụ RAID
7. Mepụta usoro faịlụ site na iji ext4 maka md0 na ugwu n'okpuru /mnt/raid1.
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0
8. Na-esote, bulie usoro faịlụ ọhụrụ emepụtara n'okpuru '/ mnt/raid1' wee mepụta faịlụ ụfọdụ wee chọpụta ọdịnaya dị n'okpuru ebe ugwu.
# mkdir /mnt/raid1 # mount /dev/md0 /mnt/raid1/ # touch /mnt/raid1/tecmint.txt # echo "tecmint raid setups" > /mnt/raid1/tecmint.txt
9. Iji auto-mount RAID1 na sistemụ reboot, ịkwesịrị ịme ntinye na faịlụ fstab. Mepee faịlụ '/etc/fstab' wee gbakwunye ahịrị na-esote na ala nke faịlụ ahụ.
/dev/md0 /mnt/raid1 ext4 defaults 0 0
10. Gbaa 'mount -a' ka ịlele ma enwere njehie ọ bụla na ntinye fstab.
# mount -av
11. Na-esote, chekwaa nhazi agha ahụ na aka gị na faịlụ 'mdadm.conf' site na iji iwu dị n'okpuru.
# mdadm --detail --scan --verbose >> /etc/mdadm.conf
A na-agụ faịlụ nhazi ahụ dị n'elu site na sistemụ na reboots ma buru ngwaọrụ RAID.
Kwụpụ 5: Nyochaa data Mgbe ọdịda Disk gasịrị
12. Ebumnuche anyị bụ isi bụ, ọbụlagodi mgbe diski ike ọ bụla dara ma ọ bụ mebie data anyị kwesịrị ịdị. Ka anyị hụ ihe ga-eme mgbe diski diski ọ bụla adịghị n'usoro.
# mdadm --detail /dev/md0
Na foto dị n'elu, anyị nwere ike ịhụ na e nwere ngwaọrụ 2 dị na RAID anyị na Ngwaọrụ Active bụ 2. Ugbu a, ka anyị hụ ihe ga-eme mgbe diski diski (wepụrụ sdc disk) ma ọ bụ daa.
# ls -l /dev | grep sd # mdadm --detail /dev/md0
Ugbu a na foto dị n'elu, ị nwere ike ịhụ na otu n'ime ụgbọala anyị efuola. Ewepụrụ m otu draịva ahụ n'igwe Virtual m. Ugbu a, ka anyị lelee data anyị dị oke ọnụ ahịa.
# cd /mnt/raid1/ # cat tecmint.txt
Ị hụrụ data anyị ka dị. Site na nke a anyị na-amata uru nke RAID 1 (enyo). N'isiokwu na-esote, anyị ga-ahụ ka esi edozi ihe nkesa RAID 5 na Parity ekesa. Echere na nke a ga-enyere gị aka ịghọta ka RAID 1 (Mirror) si arụ ọrụ.