Ịtọlite ihe achọrọ maka ntinye Oracle 12c na RHEL/CentOS/Oracle Linux 6.5 - Nkebi nke Mbụ

Ebe nchekwa data Oracle bụ nchịkọta nke nchịkọta data metụtara ya, anyị nwere ike ịkpọ ya dị ka Relational database management system (RDBMS) ma ọ bụ naanị Oracle. Ọ bụ ezie na a na-atụnyere ihe ngwọta nchekwa data ọ bụla ọzọ bụ otu n'ime DBMS dị ike nwere ọtụtụ atụmatụ dị ka ịmegharị, ntụkwasị obi na scalable. Oracle na-emepụta ngwaike dị iche iche maka ngwa ngwa Oracle, mana enwere ike iji otu ihe ahụ na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ na-ere ahịa.

Mmelite: Otu esi etinye Oracle Database 12c na RHEL/CentOS 7

N'afọ 1977 Larry Ellison na ndị enyi ya tọrọ ntọala usoro mmepe ngwanrọ dị ka okwu ọnụ. Na 1978 Oracle weputara ụdị nke mbụ ya ma emesia na 1979 ha wepụtara ụdị 2 nke ejiri azụmaahịa. Ụdị oracle dị ugbu a bụ 12c (C na-anọchi anya igwe ojii) nwere njirimara igwe ojii. Oracle na-enye nkwado dị iche iche gbasara ngwaahịa ndị gụnyere nchọpụta nsogbu na-akwado patches na mmelite, nke na-eme ka ọ sie ike, n'ihi na ọ dị mfe ịhazi data ngwa dị iche iche. Mgbe a na-atụnyere njikwa nchekwa data ọ bụla ọzọ Oracle na-efu ma na-ejikarị ya maka ebumnuche azụmahịa, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ebe niile, dịka: Banking, Universities for results, ngalaba metụtara azụmahịa wdg.

Oracle na-akwado ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ sistemụ arụmọrụ niile dị ka Linux, HP-UX, AIX, Oracle Solaris, IBM zLinux64, na Windows. Ngwunye Oracle dị maka nyiwe 32bit na 64bit.

1. Maka nrụnye buru ibu anyị kwesịrị iji multicore processors with High availability.
2. Opekempe RAM akwadoro maka Oracle bụ 2GB ma ọ bụ karịa.
3. Ekwesịrị ịgbanye mgbanwe okpukpu abụọ nke RAM.
4. Oghere diski ga-enwerịrị ihe karịrị 8GB, dabere na mbipụta nke anyị ga-ahọrọ maka ịwụnye.
5. /tmp ndekọ ga-enwerịrị ohere karịa 1GB maka nrụnye na-enweghị njehie.
6. Sistemụ arụmọrụ Linux akwadoro bụ RHEL, Centos, Oracle.
7. Ma ngwungwu x86_64 na i686 ka achọrọ maka nrụnye.
8. Mkpebi ihuenyo ga-abụrịrị mkpebi 1024×768.

Ọ bụrụ na sistemụ gị na-emezu ihe niile achọrọ n'elu, mgbe ahụ anyị dị njikere ịga n'ihu ịmalite nrụnye oracle. Biko cheta, ebe a ka m na-eji sistemụ arụmọrụ CentOS 6.5 nwere nha 32GB nke Virtual HDD na ebe nchekwa 4GB maka nrụnye, mana enwere ike ịgbaso otu usoro na RHEL, Oracle Linux kwa.

IP Address	:	192.168.0.100
Host-name	:	oracle12c.tecmint.local
OS		:	Centos 6.5 Final

Mara: Ejila m onye ọrụ 'tecmint' nwere ikike sudo maka nrụnye Oracle a, mana ana m akwado gị ka ị jiri nbanye mgbọrọgwụ maka ntuziaka nwụnye niile dị n'okpuru.

Kwụpụ 1: Tọọ aha nnabata na nkwalite sistemụ

1. Tupu, n'isi n'ihi na echichi usoro, mbụ jide n'aka na gị/na/tmp partitions nwere ezuru ohere iji na-ebu njehie free echichi.

$ df -h

2. Na-esote, nyochaa na gị usoro nwere ezi hostname, static adreesị IP na nkesa version, iji na-esonụ iwu.

$ hostname
$ ifconfig | grep inet
$ lsb_release -a

3. Ọ bụrụ na ịtọbeghị aha nnabata sistemụ gị, dezie faịlụ ndị ọbịa sistemụ '/etc/hosts' wee tinye aha nnabata gị yana adreesị IP dị ka egosiri n'okpuru.

$ vim /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1       localhost  oracle12c.tecmint.local
192.168.0.100   oracle12c.tecmint.local

4. Ugbu a gbanwee ọnọdụ SELinux ka ọ na-enye ohere ma malitegharịa usoro ahụ iji mee mgbanwe na-adịgide adịgide maka selinux.

$ sudo vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux
$ sudo init 6

Nzọụkwụ 2: Ịwụnye ngwugwu na ịgbanwe ụkpụrụ kernel

5. Ozugbo gị usoro akpụkpọ ụkwụ elu nke ọma, ị nwere ike ime a usoro kwalite wee wụnye na-esonụ chọrọ dependencies.

$ sudo yum clean metadata && sudo yum upgrade

$ sudo yum install binutils.x86_64 compat-libcap1.x86_64 compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 compat-libstdc++-33.i686 \ 
compat-gcc-44 compat-gcc-44-c++ gcc.x86_64 gcc-c++.x86_64 glibc.i686 glibc.x86_64 glibc-devel.i686 glibc-devel.x86_64 \ 
ksh.x86_64 libgcc.i686 libgcc.x86_64 libstdc++.i686 libstdc++.x86_64 libstdc++-devel.i686 libstdc++-devel.x86_64 libaio.i686 \
libaio.x86_64 libaio-devel.i686 libaio-devel.x86_64 libXext.i686 libXext.x86_64 libXtst.i686 libXtst.x86_64 libX11.x86_64 \ 
libX11.i686 libXau.x86_64 libXau.i686 libxcb.i686 libxcb.x86_64 libXi.i686 libXi.x86_64 make.x86_64 unixODBC unixODBC-devel sysstat.x86_64

6. Mgbe ị wụnye ngwugwu niile achọrọ n'elu, ugbu a bụ oge ịme mgbanwe ụfọdụ na kernel level parameters na '/etc/sysct.conf faịlụ.

$ sudo vim /etc/sysctl.conf

Tinye ma ọ bụ gbanwee ụkpụrụ ndị a dịka atụpụtara. Chekwa ma kwụsị iji wq!.

kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmall = 2097152
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

7. Ozugbo ị gbakwunyere n'elu ụkpụrụ, ugbu a na-enye iwu na-esonụ iji mee mgbanwe ọhụrụ.

$ sudo sysctl -p

Mara: Ụkpụrụ ndị dị n'elu bụ ọkara nke ebe nchekwa anụ ahụ na bytes. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ekenyela ebe nchekwa 5GB maka igwe mebere m. Ya mere, m na-eji ọkara nke ebe nchekwa maka ntọala ndị a.

8. Ugbu a bụ oge ịmalitegharị igwe ma bugharịa ntụziaka ndị ọzọ na ịwụnye nchekwa data Oracle.

$ sudo init 6

Kwụpụ 3: Na-ahazi Sistemụ maka nwụnye Oracle

9. Mepụta otu ọhụrụ Oracle inventory, OSDBA na OSOPER maka ntinye Oracle.

$ sudo groupadd -g 54321 oracle
$ sudo groupadd -g 54322 dba
$ sudo groupadd -g 54323 oper

10. Mepụta oracle onye ọrụ ọhụrụ wee tinye onye ọrụ n'otu ndị emepụtalarị.

$ sudo useradd -u 54321 -g oracle -G dba,oper oracle
$ sudo usermod -a -G wheel oracle
$ sudo passwd oracle

11. Ọ bụrụ na-enyere gị usoro na firewall, mkpa ka ị gbanyụọ ma ọ bụ hazi ya dị ka gị mkpa. Iji gbanyụọ ya, mee iwu ndị a.

$ sudo iptables -F
$ sudo service iptables save
$ sudo chkconfig iptables on

12. Mepụta ndekọ na-esonụ maka ịwụnye Oracle wee gbanwee ikike na ikike dị ukwuu na ndekọ aha emepụtara ọhụrụ site na iji recursive.

$ sudo mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1
$ sudo chown -R oracle:oracle /u01
$ sudo chmod -R 775 /u01
$ ls -l /u01

13. Gbanwee na onye ọrụ mgbọrọgwụ ka ịmepụta gburugburu maka onye ọrụ oracle. Ị nwere ike ịgafe nzọụkwụ a, ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-eji mgbọrọgwụ mgbọrọgwụ.

$ su - root

14. Ọzọ, anyị kwesịrị ịgbakwunye mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi maka onye ọrụ ọnụ. Mepee ma dezie faịlụ profaịlụ nke onye ọrụ oracle wee tinye ndenye gburugburu oracle. N'ebe a, anyị ekwesịghị iji iwu sudo, ebe anyị abanyelarị dị ka onye ọrụ mgbọrọgwụ.

# vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile

Tinye mgbakwunye Environment n'okpuru. Chekwaa wee pụọ na vi editọ site na iji wq!.

## Oracle Env Settings 

export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP

export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle12c.tecmint.local
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl

export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

Ugbu a pụọ na onye ọrụ mgbọrọgwụ wee banye ọzọ dị ka onye ọrụ tecmint wee gbanwee gaa na onye ọrụ oracle. Ọzọ, a dịghị achọ nzọụkwụ a, ọ bụrụ na ị na-eji akaụntụ mgbọrọgwụ, gbanwee gaa na onye ọrụ oracle maka ntụziaka ndị ọzọ.

# exit  
# su - oracle

15. Ebe a ka anyị kwesịrị ịlele maka akụrụngwa ókè maka oracle wụnye onye ọrụ. Ebe a onye ọrụ installer Oracle bụ oracle. Yabụ na anyị ga-abanyerịrị dị ka onye ọrụ oracle, ka anyị na-elele akụrụngwa. Lelee maka oke nro na ike siri ike maka ntọala nkọwa faịlụ tupu echichi.

$ ulimit -Sn
$ ulimit -Hn
$ ulimit -Su
$ ulimit -Hu
$ ulimit -Ss
$ ulimit -Hs

Ị nwere ike nweta ụkpụrụ dị iche iche na iwu dị n'elu. Yabụ, ịkwesịrị iji aka kenye ụkpụrụ maka oke na faịlụ nhazi dị ka egosiri n'okpuru.

$ sudo vim /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle	soft	nofile	1024	
oracle	hard	nofile	65536	
oracle	soft	nproc	2047
oracle	hard	nproc	16384
oracle	soft	stack	10240
oracle	hard	stack	32768

Ọzọ, dezie faịlụ dị n'okpuru ka ịtọọ oke maka ndị ọrụ niile.

$ sudo vim /etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf

Site na ndabara atọrọ ya

* soft nproc 1024

Anyị kwesịrị ịgbanwe ya.

* - nproc 16384

Kwụpụ 4: Budata ngwugwu Oracle

16. Mgbe ahụ, ya oge ịkwatu oracle zip ngwugwu si ukara saịtị. Iji budata ngwungwu Oracle, ị ga-abụrịrị onye ọrụ debara aha ma ọ bụ ọzọ bụrụ abụ wee budata ngwugwu ahụ site na iji njikọ dị n'okpuru.

1. Nbudata akụrụngwa nchekwa data Oracle

Ebudatala m ngwungwu zip wee wepụ ọdịnaya nke installer oracle.

$ cd ~
$ ls
$ unzip linuxamd64_12c_database_1of2.zip
$ unzip linuxamd64_12c_database_2of2.zip

Nke ahụ bụ ya ugbu a, akụkọ ahụ na-adị ogologo ma enweghị m ike itinye ntụziaka niile n'otu ibe. Yabụ, n'isiokwu na-esote anyị ga-egosi gị ntuziaka nzọụkwụ site na ntinye nke Oracle 12c na nhazi ndị ọzọ, ruo mgbe ahụ nọrọ na nche na Tecmint maka mmelite ọhụrụ.