Ịmepụta sava DNS Caching na Ubuntu Server 14.04
Ọrụ Aha ngalaba (DNS) bụ ọrụ ịkpọ aha na-esetịpụ adreesị IP yana aha ngalaba tozuru oke nye ibe ya. Kọmputa ndị na-agba DNS ka a na-akpọ sava aha.
N'ebe a, etinyere m ma hazie ihe nkesa cache site na iji forwarder, nleba anya na idobe anya. N'ọtụtụ ebe, anyị chọrọ nyocha ndoputa. Ihe nkesa caching agaghị ejide aha ngalaba ọ bụla, ọ ga-arụ ọrụ naanị dị ka ihe nkesa na-atụ aka. Tupu ịga n'ime omimi anyị kwesịrị ịma gbasara ihe nkesa DNS yana otu o si arụ ọrụ.
Nke a bụ ụzọ dị mfe iji ghọta DNS yana otu o si arụ ọrụ.
Ọ bụrụ na anyị kwesịrị ịnweta linux-console.net na ihe nchọgharị, sistemụ ahụ ga-achọ linux-console.net. Ebe a na njedebe nke .com a ga-enwe (.) ya mere gịnị bụ ihe a?.
The (.) na-anọchi anya aha oghere ihe nkesa mgbọrọgwụ, enwere mkpokọta mgbọrọgwụ 13 dị n'ụwa niile. Mgbe anyị na-enweta linux-console.net ọ ga-ajụ ịkpọ aha nkesa dịka nhazi sistemụ arụmọrụ. Na Ubuntu, anyị na-ahazi aha-ihe nkesa na /etc/resolv.conf, mgbe ị na-enweta linux-console.net ihe nchọgharị m ga-ajụ mgbọrọgwụ aha-sava, ma ọ bụrụ na mgbọrọgwụ aha-sava adịghị. nwere ozi ngalaba m rịọrọ, ọ ga-echekwa ozi m rịọrọ wee zipu arịrịọ m na (TLD) Ngalaba ọkwa dị elu aha-sava, ọbụlagodi na TLD name-server, arịrịọ m abụghị. dị ka a ga-echekwa ma ziga ya na Anyere ikike aha-sava.
Mgbe ngalaba ndebanye aha, onye na-edeba aha ngalaba anyị ga-akọwapụta nke ikike aha-ihe nkesa kwesịrị ngalaba anyị. Yabụ, sava aha nwere ikike nwere ozi ngalaba anyị, ebe arịrịọ anyị ruru ANS ọ ga-aza ajụjụ na linux-console.net nwere 111.111.222.1 n'otu oge ahụ ọ ga-adị. echekwara na aha-ihe nkesa ikike wee zighachi arịrịọ a na ihe nchọgharị. A na-eme usoro ọ bụla dị n'elu n'ime millise seconds.
Enwere m olileanya na ị nwetara ihe bụ DNS ugbu a, yana otu o si arụ ọrụ. Ugbu a, ka anyị guzobe Caching DNS Server na Ubuntu Server 14.04 LTS.
Kwụpụ 1: Wụnye sava DNS
Nke mbụ, lelee ozi nkesa DNS nke mpaghara m dị ka adreesị IP static na aha nnabata, nke ejiri mee ihe maka ebumnuche a.
IP Address: 192.168.0.100 Hostname: dns.tecmintlocal.com
Iji chọpụta na ntọala ndị dị n'elu ziri ezi, anyị nwere ike iji iwu 'hostnamectl' na 'ifconfig'.
$ hostnamectl $ ifconfig eth0 | grep inet
Na-esote, anyị na-emelite ebe nchekwa ndabara wee mee nkwalite sistemụ, tupu ịtọlite sava cache DNS.
$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade -y
Ugbu a, wụnye ngwugwu DNS bind na dnsutils site na iji iwu a.
$ sudo apt-get install bind9 dnsutils -y
Ozugbo, dns arụnyere, gaa na ndekọ nhazi nhazi, n'okpuru /etc/bind.
$ /etc/bind/ $ ls -l
Kwụpụ 2: Tọọ ihe nkesa DNS cache
Nke mbụ, anyị na-ahazi ma hazie sava caching ebe a. Mepee wee dezie faịlụ named.conf.options site na iji onye nchịkọta akụkọ vim.
$ sudo vim named.conf.options
Ugbu a, ebe a na-eji okwu 'forwarders' na-echekwa arịrịọ ngalaba aha. Yabụ, ebe a, anyị ga-eji rawụta m dị ka onye na-ebugharị. Ekwupụtaghị/n'ihu ahịrị dị ka egosiri na foto a.
forwarders {
192.168.0.1;
};
Chekwaa wee pụọ na iji wq! faịlụ. Ugbu a ọ bụ oge ịmalite ihe nkesa na-ekekọta maka obere nnwale.
$ sudo /etc/init.d/bind9 start
Ọ bụrụ na anyị kwesịrị ịnwale ma caching ọ na-arụ ọrụ, anyị nwere ike iji gwuo iwu wee lelee ma cache na-arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ na ọ naghị arụ ọrụ.
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, anyị ga-egwu ubuntu.comugbu a, na mbụ, ọ gaghị abụ cache, yabụ ọ nwere ike were ụfọdụ milliseconds, ozugbo echekwara ya, ọ ga-adị na ọsọ ọkụ.
$ dig @127.0.0.1 ubuntu.com
Iwu igwu ala bụ ngwa ọrụ maka nyocha DNS. Ka ịmatakwu gbasara iwu Dig, gụọ isiokwu dị n'okpuru.
- 10 Ihe Nlereanya Igwu Igwu
N'ebe a, anyị nwere ike ịhụ na foto dị n'elu na mbụ igwu ya were 1965 milliseconds maka ajụjụ m wee gosi nke ipaddress dị na ubuntu.com.
Ka anyị nwaa gwupụta ọzọ wee hụ oge ajụjụ.
Ọ dị mma!, N'ime nnwale nke abụọ anyị nwetara ajụjụ n'ime 5 millisekọnd. Enwere m olileanya na ị maara ihe bụ ihe nkesa caching ugbu a. Foto dị n'elu na-egosi, mkpokọta 13 sava mgbọrọgwụ na-echekwa Ubuntu.com, n'ihi na ọtụtụ nde mmadụ abanyelarị saịtị gọọmentị Ubuntu.
Kwụpụ 3: Tọọ Master DNS Server
Mepụta sava DNS MASTER, Ebe a ka m na-akọwa ngalaba aha dị ka tecmintlocal.com, dezie faịlụ named.conf.local site na iji editọ vim.
$ sudo vim /etc/bind/named.conf.local
Tinye ntinye DNS-Master dị ka egosiri n'okpuru.
zone "tecmintlocal.com" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/db.tecmintlocal.com";
};
- mpaghara: nkọwa ndị ọbịa na ngalaba
- ụdị: Nna-ukwu DNS.
- faịlụ: Ebe a na-echekwa ozi mpaghara.
.
Mepụta faịlụ mpaghara db.tecmintlocal.com (Nleba anya n'ihu) site na ịme otu n'ime db.local.
$ sudo cp db.local db.tecmintlocal.com
Ugbu a mepee ma dezie faịlụ mpaghara depụtaghachiri site na iji vim editọ.
$ sudo vim db.tecmintlocal.com
Na-esote, tinye ntinye ihe atụ na-esonụ, nke m ji mee ihe maka nkuzi nkuzi. M na-ejikwa otu ihe ahụ maka nhazi igwe mebere igwe ndị ọzọ kwa. Gbanwee ntinye n'okpuru dị ka ịchọrọ.
;
; BIND data file for local loopback interface
;
$TTL 604800
@ IN SOA tecmintlocal.com. root.tecmintlocal.com. (
2014082801 ; Serial
604800 ; Refresh
86400 ; Retry
2419200 ; Expire
604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL
;
@ IN NS ns.tecmintlocal.com.
ns IN A 192.168.0.100
clt1 IN A 192.168.0.111
ldap IN A 192.168.0.200
ldapc IN A 192.168.0.211
mail IN CNAME clt1.tecmintlocal.com.
Chekwaa wee pụọ na iji wq! faịlụ.
N'ikpeazụ, malitegharịa ọrụ DNS jikọtara site na iji iwu dị n'okpuru.
$ sudo service bind9 restart
Anyị kwesịrị ịkwado, ma nhazi mpaghara anyị dị n'elu ọ na-arụ ọrụ. Ka anyị lelee iji iwu gwuo. Gbaa iwu dị ka ndị a site na ajụjụ localhost.
$ dig @127.0.0.1 mail.tecmintlocal.com
Ka anyị ping wee nwalee clt1.tecmintlocal.com, tupu nke ahụ, anyị kwesịrị ịgbanwe ntinye dns-server na localhost na igwe nkesa dns anyị wee malitegharịa netwọk ka ọ nwee mmetụta. .
Mepee ma dezie ntọala interface netwọk wee tinye ntinye DNS.
$ sudo vim /etc/network/interfaces
Gbanwee ntinye DNS na interface dị ka n'okpuru.
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.0.100
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.0.1
network 192.168.0.0
broadcast 192.168.0.255
dns-nameservers 127.0.0.1
dns-search tecmintlocal.com
Ka ịgbakwunye ntinye, malitegharịa netwọk site na iji iwu na-esonụ.
$ sudo ifdown eth0 && sudo ifup eth0
Ọ bụrụ na ịmalitegharị netwọkụ anaghị arụ ọrụ, Anyị ga-achọ ịmalitegharị. Ugbu a, ka anyị ping wee lelee clt1.tecmintlocal.com, ka ọ na-aza, anyị kwesịrị ịnweta adreesị IP ihe anyị kọwapụtara maka aha nnabata clt1.
$ ping clt1.tecmintlocal.com -c 3
Ịtọlite Nleba anya DNS
Mepee ọzọ wee dezie faịlụ named.conf.local.
$ sudo vim /etc/bind/named.conf.local
Ugbu a tinye ntinye nleba anya dns dị ka egosiri.
zone "0.168.192.in-addr.arpa" {
type master;
notify no;
file "/etc/bind/db.tecmintlocal192";
};
Chekwaa wee pụọ na iji wq! faịlụ. Ugbu a mepụta faịlụ db.tecmintlocal192, dịka m kwuru na faịlụ nna ukwu dị n'elu maka nlegharị anya, detuo db.127 ka ọ bụrụ db.tecmintlocal192 na-eji iwu a.
$ sudo cp db.127 db.tecmintlocal192
Ugbu a, mepee ma dezie faịlụ db.tecmintlocal192 maka ịtọlite nchọgharị azụ.
$ sudo vim db.tecmintlocal192
Tinye ntinye dị n'okpuru, gbanwee ntinye dị n'okpuru dịka ịchọrọ.
;
; BIND reverse data file for local loopback interface
;
$TTL 604800
@ IN SOA ns.tecmintlocal.com. root.tecmintlocal.com. (
2014082802 ; Serial
604800 ; Refresh
86400 ; Retry
2419200 ; Expire
604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL
;
@ IN NS ns.
100 IN PTR ns.tecmintlocal.com.
111 IN PTR ctl1.tecmintlocal.com.
200 IN PTR ldap.tecmintlocal.com.
211 IN PTR ldapc.tecmintlocal.com.
Malitegharịa ọrụ nkekọ site na iji.
Ugbu a, nyochaa ntinye nchọta idobere.
$ host 192.168.0.111
Mgbe anyị na-eji adreesị IP na-eme nyocha azụ, ọ chọrọ iji aha zaghachi dịka ihe onyonyo dị n'elu gosiri.
Ka anyị mee nlele site na iji iwu egwu kwa.
$ dig clt1.tecmintlocal.com
N'ebe a, anyị nwere ike ịhụ Azịza maka ajụjụ na ngalaba Azịza dị ka ngalaba-aha clt1.tecmintlocal.com nwere adreesị IP 192.168.0.111 .
Nzọụkwụ 4: Ịtọlite igwe ahịa
Naanị gbanwee adreesị IP na ntinye dns na igwe ndị ahịa gaa na sava dns nke mpaghara anyị 192.168.0.100, ọ bụrụ otú ahụ, igwe ahịa anyị ga-enweta aha nnabata site na sava DNS mpaghara.
Ka anyị lelee aha nnabata nke onye ahịa anyị site na iji usoro iwu.
$ ifconfig eth0 | grep inet $ hostname $ dig -x 192.168.0.100
Ịghọta ntinye faịlụ mpaghara na dns, onyonyo a ga-enye gị ntakịrị nkọwa ihe anyị kọwapụtara na ntinye faịlụ mpaghara.
Ọ bụ ya! N'isiokwu a, anyị ahụla ka esi edozi ihe nkesa DNS nke mpaghara maka ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ ụlọ anyị.
N'oge na-adịghị, ị nwere ike ịgụ banyere isiokwu ka esi edozi ihe nkesa DNS site na iji ngwá ọrụ dị iche iche ma dozie ya. Enwere ọtụtụ ngwaọrụ a na-eji emezi nsogbu nke sava DNS. Gụọ akụkọ dị n'okpuru ka ịmata maka ụfọdụ ndụmọdụ nsogbu.
Iwu Nslookup 8 maka nchọpụta nsogbu DNS