Otu esi etinye Drupal na Apache na Debian na Ubuntu


Ịmepụta ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gị site na ọkọ nwere ike ịbụ ọrụ na-agwụ ike. Ọ na-ewe oge ma dị oke ọnụ ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-eme atụmatụ ịkpọ onye nrụpụta ọrụ. Ụzọ dị mfe iji nweta blọọgụ ma ọ bụ weebụsaịtị gị n'ala bụ iji CMS (usoro njikwa ọdịnaya) dị ka Drupal.

Drupal bụ sistemụ njikwa ọdịnaya mepere emepe (CMS), nke edere na PHP wee wepụta ya n'okpuru GPL. Ewepụtara ya nke mbụ na Jenụwarị 2001 iji mee ka blọọgụ nkeonwe, webụsaịtị ụlọ ọrụ, na ụdị weebụsaịtị ọ bụla ndị mmadụ nwere ike chọọ. Taa, Drupal bụ otu n'ime CMS ama ama n'ụwa na-agba ọtụtụ nde webụsaịtị n'ụwa niile.

Ụdị Drupal kachasị ọhụrụ n'oge edere akwụkwọ ntuziaka a bụ Drupal 9.

  1. N'efu na ebe mepere emepe.
  2. Ihe ndị bụ isi dị ka ike ibipụta posts, ibe na sistemụ nkọwa, ndepụta RSS, ndebanye aha onye ọrụ. tinye ma gbanwee ndebiri & mgbakwunye.
  3. Ihe karịrị modul 30000 dị maka nbudata n'efu na ụlọ ahịa Drupal.
  4. Ọ dị n'ihe karịrị asụsụ 110 yana nkwado maka asụsụ RTL dị ka Arabic.
  5. Nkwado ọtụtụ saịtị yana ndezi ọdịnaya yana nkwado okike ọtụtụ onye ọrụ.
  6. Nkwado maka imepụta blọọgụ, nnọkọ, ntuli aka site na iji modul arụnyere na ndabara.
  7. Sistemụ na-emelite nke ọma iji gwa gị maka mmelite nchekwa.
  8. Ọtụtụ atụmatụ ndị ọzọ.

Na ntuziaka a, anyị ga-etinye Drupal na Debian 10/9 na Ubuntu 20.04/18.04.

Ebe Drupal bụ CMS na-achụ PHP nke ndị ọrụ na-enweta site na njedebe n'ihu, ị ga-etinyerịrị ngwugwu LAMP na ihe atụ Debian/Ubuntu gị. LAMP bụ ngwugwu sọftụwia ejiri maka nnwale na ibuga webụsaịtị ma nwee isi ihe atọ:

  • Apache sava weebụ.
  • MariaDB nkesa nchekwa data.
  • PHP (Maka Drupal 9, PHP 7.3 na ụdị ndị ọzọ ka akwadoro).

Site na ihe ndị a chọrọ, ka anyị malite!

Kwụpụ 1: Wụnye Apache, MariaDB, na PHP

1. Iji wụnye Drupal, ị ga-achọ sava weebụ na-agba ọsọ na ihe nkesa nchekwa data, n'isiokwu a, anyị ga-arụ ọrụ na Apache, PHP, na MariaDB, ị nwere ike ịwụnye ha ngwa ngwa site n'enyemaka nke ngwa njikwa ngwugwu a na-akpọ apt.

$ sudo apt install apache2 mariadb-server mariadb-client php libapache2-mod-php php-cli php-fpm php-json php-common php-mysql php-zip php-gd php-intl php-mbstring php-curl php-xml php-pear php-tidy php-soap php-bcmath php-xmlrpc 

2. Na sava mmepụta, ị ga-emerịrị usoro nchekwa ụfọdụ maka nrụnye nchekwa data MariaDB, site na iji edemede nchekwa na-esote nke na-ebu ngwugwu MariaDB.

$ sudo mysql_secure_installation

Mgbe ịmechara edemede ahụ, ọ ga-ewega gị ọtụtụ ajụjụ ebe ị nwere ike ịza ee(y) iji mee ka ụfọdụ nhọrọ nchekwa dị ka egosiri.

  • Tinye paswọọdụ ugbu a maka mgbọrọgwụ (tinye maka enweghị nke ọ bụla): Tinye
  • Tọọ mgbọrọgwụ okwuntughe? [Y/n] y
  • Wepu ndị ọrụ na-amaghị aha? [Y/n] y
  • Kwepu nbanye mgbọrọgwụ n'ime oge? [Y/n] y
  • Wepu nchekwa data nnwale wee nweta ya? [Y/n] y
  • Bugharịa tebụl ihe ùgwù ugbu a? [Y/n] y

Nke ahụ bụ ya, ị wụnyela ngwugwu niile achọrọ nke ọma ma tinyekwa paswọọdụ MySQL. Ugbu a bụ oge ịga n'ihu ma mepụta nchekwa data maka nrụnye drupal.

Nzọụkwụ 2: Mepụta Drupal Database

3. Anyị ga-achọ ịmepụta nchekwa data maka nrụnye Drupal anyị, iji mee ya, mee iwu na-esonụ iji jikọọ na mysql shei.

$ sudo mysql -u root -p

Mara: Ọ ga-ajụ gị ka ịbanye paswọọdụ mgbọrọgwụ MySQL, nke ị debere mgbe ị na-echekwa ngwugwu MySQL, tinye ya, a ga-akpali gị gaa na njedebe mysql.

4. Na-esote, na-agba ọsọ usoro iwu ndị a na ọdụ MySQL iji mepụta onye ọrụ 'drupal' ọhụrụ, nchekwa data na inye ihe ùgwù.

## Creating New User for Drupal Database ##
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER drupal@localhost IDENTIFIED BY "your_password_here";

## Create New Database ##
MariaDB [(none)]> create database drupal;

## Grant Privileges to Database ##
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL ON drupal.* TO drupal@localhost;

## FLUSH privileges ##
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

## Exit ##
MariaDB [(none)]> exit

Mara: Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ, ịnwere ike iji aha ọ bụla dochie aha njirimara na aha nchekwa data.

Kwụpụ 3: Budata na Wụnye Drupal na Ubuntu

5. Drupal dị maka nbudata site na ebe nchekwa Ubuntu/Debian gọọmentị dị ka ngwugwu, Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ ụdị ochie sitere na Drupal nke nwere ọtụtụ nsogbu nchekwa, na ụdị Drupal dị ugbu a bụ 9.0.6), ọ bụ ya mere anyị ga-eji budata. Drupal sitere na webụsaịtị gọọmentị

N'aka nke ọzọ, ịnwere ike iji iwu wget na-esote iji jide ụdị kachasị ọhụrụ ozugbo.

$ sudo wget https://www.drupal.org/download-latest/tar.gz -O drupal.tar.gz

6. Na-esote, wepụ faịlụ tarball wee bugharịa folda drupal na-enweghị nsogbu na ụzọ /var/www/html dị ka egosiri.

$ sudo tar -xvf drupal.tar.gz
$ sudo mv drupal-9.0.6 /var/www/html/drupal

7. Ka drupal nwee ike ịnweta, kenye ikike egosiri:

$ sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/drupal/
$ sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/html/drupal/

Kwụpụ 4: Mepụta Apache Drupal Virtual Host

8. Akụkụ ikpeazụ nke nhazi chọrọ ka anyị mepụta faịlụ nnabata Apache mebere maka weebụsaịtị Drupal anyị. Gaba ma mepụta faịlụ nnabata mebere dị ka egosiri:

$ sudo vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/drupal.conf

Tapawa ọdịnaya n'okpuru.

<VirtualHost *:80>
     ServerAdmin [email 
     DocumentRoot /var/www/html/drupal/
     ServerName  example.com  
     ServerAlias www.example.com

     ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
     CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

     <Directory /var/www/html/drupal/>
            Options FollowSymlinks
            AllowOverride All
            Require all granted
     </Directory>

     <Directory /var/www/html/>
            RewriteEngine on
            RewriteBase /
            RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
            RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
            RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php?q=$1 [L,QSA]
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, chekwaa ma wepụ faịlụ nhazi ahụ.

9. Site na Virtual host nọ, anyị kwesịrị ime ya site na iji iwu ndị a:

$ sudo a2ensite drupal.conf
$ sudo a2enmod rewrite

10. Mgbe ahụ malitegharịa Apache webserver maka mgbanwe itinye.

$ sudo systemctl restart apache2

Kwụpụ 6: Mepụta Drupal site na ihe nchọgharị

11. N'ime usoro a, anyị na-ekekọta nrụnye Drupal site na ịtọlite ya na ihe nchọgharị weebụ. Ya mere, malite ihe nchọgharị gị wee banye na adreesị IP nke ihe nkesa gị dị ka egosiri:

http://www.server-ip/
OR
http://www.example.com/

12. Na ibe na-egosi, họrọ asụsụ ị họọrọ wee pịa bọtịnụ 'Chekwa ma nọgide'.

13. Nzọụkwụ ọzọ na-enye gị 3 nwụnye profaịlụ na ị nwere ike leverage. Iji mee ka okwu dị mfe ma kwụ ọtọ, họrọ nhọrọ nke mbụ bụ profaịlụ ọkọlọtọ, wee pịa bọtịnụ 'Chekwa ma gaa n'ihu'.

14. Na nzọụkwụ ọzọ dejupụta nkọwa nchekwa data.

15. N'oge na-adịghị anya, ntinye nke faịlụ niile dị mkpa ga-amalite. Nke a na-ewe ihe dị ka nkeji 5 ma ụfọdụ ndidi ga-eme.

16. Dejupụta mpaghara niile achọrọ gbasara saịtị gị dị ka aha saịtị, adreesị ozi-e saịtị, ọnọdụ, na mpaghara oge.

17. N'ikpeazụ, ị ga-enweta ndabara dashboard maka Drupal dị ka egosiri:

Site na ebe a, ị nwere ike ịmalite ịmepụta webụsaịtị na-anabata ma mara mma site na iji isiokwu dịnụ ma ọ bụ na-eji isiokwu Drupal adịchaghị mma. Nke ahụ bụ naanị ihe anyị nwere taa. Anyị nwere olile anya na ị nwere ike ịtọọ Drupal nke ọma na Debian 10/9 na Ubuntu 20.04/18.04.