DNF - Ngwa njikwa ngwugwu nke ọgbọ na-esote maka nkesa dabere na RPM


Akụkọ na-adịbeghị anya dọtara uche nke ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ Linux, ndị ọkachamara na ndị mmụta na \DNF (na-anọchi anya ihe ọ bụla n'ihu ọha) na-aga dochie YUM ngwugwu njikwa utility in nkesa viz., Fedora, CentOS, RedHat, wdg na-eji RPM Package Manager.

Akụkọ ahụ bụ ihe ijuanya na ọtụtụ ma ọ bụ obere onye njikwa ngwugwu na-ejikọta na njirimara nke nkesa Linux nke na-ahụ maka ịwụnye, imelite na iwepụ ngwugwu.

YUM (na-eguzo maka Yellowdog Updater, Modified) bụ ihe n'efu ma meghere usoro iwu dabere na ikike ewepụtara n'okpuru GNU General Public License ma edere ya n'asụsụ Python Programming. Emepụtara YUM iji jikwaa na melite RedHat Linux na Mahadum Duke, emesia ọ nwetara nkwanye ugwu wee bụrụ onye njikwa ngwugwu RedHat Enterprise Linux, Fedora, CentOS na nkesa Linux ndị ọzọ RPM dabere. A na-akpọkarị ya dị ka \Onye njikwa ngwugwu gị, ndị ọkachamara Linux na-akwadoghị ugboro ugboro.

Gụọkwa

  1. YUM (Yellowdog Updater, gbanwetụrụ) - Iwu 20 maka njikwa ngwugwu
  2. RPM (Onye njikwa ngwugwu okpu uhie) - 20 Ihe Nlereanya bara uru nke Iwu RPM

Echiche iji DNF dochie Yum

Ale¨ Kozumplík, onye nrụpụta ọrụ DNF bụ onye ọrụ RedHat. Ọ sịrị:

N'ihi na oge mbụ n'ime afọ 2009 ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ na 'Anaconda' - The System Installer, o nwere nghọta na-arụ ọrụ nke Linux. Ọ chọrọ ịrụ ọrụ na ọrụ dị iche iche nke nyere ya ohere inyocha ngwa nkwakọ ngwaahịa nke Fedora.

Ale¨ Kozumplík kwuru - ike agwụla ya n'ịkọwa na DNF na-anọchi anya ihe ọ bụla, ọ bụ azịza aha njikwa ngwugwu ya mere, ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ. A ghaghị ịkpọ ya ihe na-emegideghị YUM wee were kpọọ ya DNF.

Ọbịbịa dị mkpirikpi nke Yum nke dugara na ntọala nke DNF:

  1. Mkpebi ndabere nke YUM bụ ihe nro ma dozie ya na DNF ya na ọba akwụkwọ SUSE 'libsolv' na Python wrapper yana C Hawkey.
  2. YUM enweghị API ederede.
  3. Iwu ihe ọhụrụ siri ike.
  4. Onweghị nkwado maka ndọtị karịa Python.
  5. Mbelata ebe nchekwa dị ala yana obere mmekọrịta metadata na akpaaka - usoro na-ewe oge.

Ale¨ Kozumplík, kwuru na o nweghị nhọrọ ọzọ karịa ịrara YUM na ịzụlite DNF. Onye na-echekwa ngwungwu YUM adịghị njikere ime mgbanwe ndị a. YUM nwere ihe dịka 59000 LOC ebe DNF nwere 29000 LOC (Lines of Code).

Mmepe nke DNF

DNF gosipụtara ọnụnọ ya na Fedora 18 maka oge mbụ. Fedora 20 bụ nkesa Linux mbụ na-anabata ndị ọrụ ka ha jiri ọrụ DNF n'ọnọdụ YUM.

Ihe ịma aka nka nka DNF na-eche ihu ugbu a - iji mejuputa ọrụ niile nke YUM. Maka onye ọrụ nkịtị DNF na-enye nbudata ngwugwu, wụnye, melite, wetuo ya na ihichapụ. Agbanyeghị, enwere nkwado ma ọ bụ enweghị nkwado maka njirimara ndị dị ka - ịwụpụ ngwugwu agbajiri n'oge ịwụnye, debug, mmepụta verbose, mee ka repo nwee ike wepu ngwugwu n'oge ịwụnye, wdg.

DNF na ntụnyere onye bu ya ụzọ:

  1. Enweghị mmetụta nke mgba ọkụ –gbajiri agbaji.
  2. Nwelite iwu = nkwalite
  3. iwu a resolvedep adịghị
  4. Nhọrọ skip_if_unavailable dị na ndabara
  5. A naghị ahụ usoro idozi ndabere ndabere na ahịrị Command.
  6. Nbudata ndị yiri ya na mwepụta n'ọdịnihu.
  7. Wepu akụkọ ihe mere eme
  8. Delta RPM
  9. Emecha bash
  10. Wepu na-akpaghị aka, wdg.

Mmekọrịta DNF na fedora na emesịa na gburugburu azụmahịa na-ajụ ajụjụ site n'oge ruo n'oge site na RHEL. Ụdị kachasị ọhụrụ bụ DNF 0.6.0 ka ewepụtara na Ọgọst 12, 2014.

Na-anwale Iwu DNF

Wụnye dnf na fedora ma ọ bụ emechaa na RHEL/CentOS site na iji iwu yum.

# yum install dnf

Nkọwa nke ojiji.

dnf [options] <command> [<argument>]

Wụnye ngwugwu.

# dnf install <name_of_package>

Hichapụ ngwugwu.

# dnf remove <name_of_package>

Melite ma kwalite Sistemu.

# dnf update
# dnf upgrade

Cheta na: Dị ka e kwuru n'elu update=upgrade. Ya mere. ngwungwu a ga-emejuputa ihe dị ka ntọhapụ mpịakọta? – A ajụjụ n'ọdịnihu.

Ọnọdụ ndabara nke faịlụ nhazi dnf: /etc/dnf/dnf.conf.

Ọrụ a bu n'obi iweta nghọta karịa yana idekọ ọrụ ahụ nke ọma. Ihe oru ngo a bu nwa ohuru na nkwado nke obodo choro ijikota oru ngo a. A ka kwesịrị ibugharị ọtụtụ ọrụ na ọ ga-ewe oge. A ga-ewepụta DNF na Fedora 22.

Nke ahụ bụ ihe niile ugbu a. Aga m anọ ebe a ọzọ na akụkọ ọzọ na-atọ ụtọ n'oge adịghị anya. Ruo mgbe ahụ nọrọ na nche wee jikọọ. Echefula ịnye anyị nzaghachi gị bara uru na nkọwa ndị dị n'okpuru.