Mepụta nchekwa diski na-agbanwe agbanwe na njikwa ụda ezi uche (LVM) na Linux - PART 1


Nlekọta ụda olu (LVM) na-eme ka ọ dị mfe ijikwa ohere diski. Ọ bụrụ na sistemụ faịlụ chọrọ ohere karịa, enwere ike ịgbakwunye ya na mpịakọta ezi uche ya site na oghere efu na otu olu ya na sistemụ faịlụ nwere ike megharịa nha dịka anyị chọrọ. Ọ bụrụ na diski amalite ịda, enwere ike ịdebanye aha diski dochie anya dị ka ụda anụ ahụ yana otu olu na oke ezi uche nwere ike ịkwaga na diski ọhụrụ na-enweghị mfu data.

Na ụwa ọgbara ọhụrụ ọ bụla Server chọrọ ohere ọzọ kwa ụbọchị n'ihi na anyị kwesịrị ịgbasa dabere na mkpa anyị. Enwere ike iji mpịakọta ezi uche mee na RAID, SAN. A ga-achịkọta diski anụ ahụ iji mepụta otu olu. N'ime otu olu anyị kwesịrị igbubi oghere iji mepụta mpịakọta Logical. Mgbe anyị na-eji mpịakọta ezi uche dị na ya, anyị nwere ike ịgbatị n'ofe diski ọtụtụ, mpịakọta ezi uche ma ọ bụ belata ụda ezi uche dị na nha na iwu ụfọdụ na-enweghị nhazigharị na re-nkewa diski dị ugbu a. Mpịakọta nwere ike igbutu data gafee ọtụtụ diski nke a nwere ike ịbawanye stats I/O.

  1. Ọ na-agbanwe agbanwe iji gbasaa oghere n'oge ọ bụla.
  2. Enwere ike itinye sistemu faịlụ ọ bụla wee jikwaa.
  3. Enwere ike iji Mbugharị nwetaghachi diski adịghị mma.
  4. Weghachite sistemụ faịlụ site na iji atụmatụ Snapshot na ọkwa mbụ. wdg…

  1. Sistemụ arụmọrụ – CentOS 6.5 nwere nwụnye LVM
  2. Ihe nkesa IP – 192.168.0.200

A ga-akpọ usoro isiokwu a Nkwadebe maka ịtọlite LVM (Logical Volume Management) site na akụkụ 1-6 wee kpuchie isiokwu ndị a.

Ịmepụta nchekwa LVM Disk na Linux

1. Anyị ejirila CentOS 6.5 Operating system na-eji LVM na diski mebere (VDA). N'ebe a, anyị nwere ike ịhụ ụda anụ ahụ (PV), Group Volume (VG), Logical Volume (LV) site na iji iwu na-esonụ.

# pvs 
# vgs
# lvs

Ebe a bụ nkọwa nke paramita ọ bụla egosiri na nseta ihuenyo dị n'elu.

  1. Nha diski anụ ahụ (Nha PV)
  2. Disk nke ejiri bụ Virtual Disk vda.
  3. Nha Otu Mpịakọta (Nha VG)
  4. Aha otu olu (vg_tecmint)
  5. Aha olu ezi uche dị na ya (LogVol00, LogVol01)
  6. LogVol00 ekenyere maka sawp nwere nha 1GB
  7. LogVol01 Enyere maka/ya na 16.5GB

Yabụ, site na ebe a ka anyị mata na enweghị ohere zuru oke na diski VDA.

2. Maka imepụta otu olu ọhụrụ, anyị kwesịrị itinye mgbakwunye 3 hard disks na nkesa a. Ọ bụghị iwu na iji 3 draịva naanị 1 zuru oke iji mepụta VG na LV n'ime vg ahụ, ana m agbakwunyere ebe a maka ebumnuche ngosi yana maka iwu njirimara ndị ọzọ. nkọwa.

Ndị a bụ diski m gbakwunyere.

sda, sdb, sdc
# fdisk -l

  1. Disk nke an-kpọ iji maka sistemụ arụmọrụ (Centos6.5)
  2. akụkụ akọwara na diski ndabara (vda1 = swap), (vda2 = /).
  3. A na-akpọkwa diski agbakwunyere dị ka Disk1, Disk2, Disk3.

Disk ọ bụla bụ 20 GB na nha. Nha PE nke otu olu bụ 4 MB, otu olu ihe anyị na-eji na nkesa a na-ahazi site na iji PE ndabara.

  1. Aha VG – Aha otu olu.
  2. Ụdị – LVM Architecture Eji LVM2.
  3. Nnweta VG – Otu olu dị na Gụọ na dee ma dị njikere iji.
  4. Ọnọdụ VG – Enwere ike megharia otu olu, anyị nwere ike gbasaa karịa ma ọ bụrụ na anyị kwesịrị itinyekwu ohere.
  5. Cur LV – Ugbu a enwere mpịakọta ezi uche abụọ na Otu Mpịakọta a.
  6. CurPV na Act PV - Ugbu a Iji Physical Disk bụ 1 (vda), na arụ ọrụ ya, yabụ ihe anyị nwere ike iji otu olu a.
  7. Nha PE - Mgbatị anụ ahụ, Enwere ike ịkọwa nha maka diski site na iji nha PE ma ọ bụ GB, 4MB bụ nha PE nke LVM. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na anyị kwesịrị ịmepụta nha 5 GB nke ụda ezi uche dị na ya, anyị nwere ike iji nchikota 1280 PE, ị ghọtaghị ihe m na-ekwu?.

Ebe a nkọwa -> 1024MB = 1GB, ma ọ bụrụ otú 1024MB x 5 = 5120PE = 5GB, Ugbu a Kewaa 5120/4 = 1280, 4 bụ Default PE Size.

  1. Mkpokọta PE – Otu olu a nwere.
  2. Alloc PE – mkpokọta PE ejirila, PE zuru ezu ejirila ya, 4482 x 4PE = 17928.
  3. PE efu - Ebe a ejirila ya, yabụ enweghị PE efu.

3. Naanị vda eji, Ugbu a Centos arụnyere /boot, /, swap, na vda diski anụ ahụ na-eji lvm enweghị ohere fọdụrụ na nke a. diski.

# df -TH

Foto dị n'elu na-egosi ebe ugwu anyị na-eji 18GB ejiri ya mee mgbọrọgwụ, yabụ enweghị ohere ọ bụla dị.

4. Ya mere, ka anyị mepụta ụda anụ ahụ ọhụrụ (pv), Volume Group (vg) n'aha nke tecmint_add_vg wee mepụta mpịakọta ezi uche (<) b>lv) n'ime ya, N'ebe a, anyị nwere ike ịmepụta 4 Logical Volumes n'aha nke tecmint_documents, tecmint_manager na tecmint_public.

Anyị nwere ike ịgbatị otu olu nke na-eji VG ugbu a iji nweta ohere karịa. Mana ebe a, ihe anyị ga-eme bụ imepụta otu olu ọhụrụ wee kpọọ ya gburugburu, emesia anyị nwere ike ịhụ ka esi agbatị sistemu faịlụ otu olu nke a na-eji ugbu a.

Tupu iji diski ọhụrụ anyị kwesịrị iji fdisk kewaa diski ahụ.

# fdisk -cu /dev/sda

  1. c - Gbanyụọ ọnọdụ dakọtara DOS ọ na-akwado ka ịgụnye nhọrọ a.
  2. u - Mgbe ị na-edepụta tebụl nkebi, ọ ga-enye anyị na ngalaba kama ịbụ cylinder.

Na-esote, soro usoro ndị a iji mepụta nkebi ọhụrụ.

  1. Họrọ n ka imepụta ọhụrụ.
  2. Họrọ p ka imepụta nkebi mbụ.
  3. Họrọ ọnụọgụ nkebi anyị kwesịrị imepụta.
  4. Pịa Tinye ugboro abụọ ka iji ohere zuru ezu nke diski ahụ.
  5. Anyị kwesịrị ịgbanwe ụdị nkebi nke emepụtara ọhụrụ t.
  6. Olee ọnụọgụ nkebi kwesịrị ịgbanwe, họrọ nọmba nke anyị mepụtara 1 ya.
  7. N'ebe a ka anyị kwesịrị ịgbanwe ụdị, anyị kwesịrị ịmepụta LVM ka anyị ga-eji ụdị koodu LVM dị ka 8e, ma ọ bụrụ na anyị amaghị ụdị koodu Pịa L iji depụta ụdị niile. Koodu.
  8. Bipụta nkebi ihe anyị kere iji kwado naanị.
  9. N'ebe a, anyị nwere ike ịhụ ID dị ka 8e LINUX LVM.
  10. Dee mgbanwe ndị a wee pụọ fdisk.

Mee usoro ndị a dị n'elu maka diski abụọ sdb na sdc iji mepụta akụkụ ọhụrụ. Mgbe ahụ Malitegharịa igwe ahụ iji nyochaa tebụl nkebi site na iji fdisk iwu.

# fdisk -l

5. Ugbu a, ọ bụ oge ịmepụta mpịakọta anụ ahụ site na iji diski 3 niile. N'ebe a, edepụtala m diski anụ ahụ site na iji iwu pvs, naanị otu pvs ndabara ka edepụtara ugbu a.

# pvs

Wee mepụta diski anụ ahụ ọhụrụ site na iji iwu.

# pvcreate /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1

Depụta diski ọzọ ka ịhụ diski anụ ahụ emepụtara ọhụrụ.

# pvs

6. Mepụta Volume Group n'aha tecmint_add_vg iji PV n'efu Mepụta iji PE size 32. Iji gosi otu olu dị ugbu a, anyị nwere ike ịhụ na enwere otu olu nwere 1 PV na-eji.

# vgs

Nke a ga-emepụta oke olu site na iji nha 32MB PE n'aha tecmint_add_vg site na iji mpịakọta anụ ahụ 3 anyị mepụtara na usoro ikpeazụ.

# vgcreate -s 32M tecmint_add_vg /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1

Na-esote, nyochaa otu olu site na ịmegharị iwu vgs ọzọ.

# vgs

Ịghọta mmepụta iwu vgs:

  1. Aha otu olu.
  2. Mpịakọta anụ ahụ ejiri n'ime otu mpịakọta a.
  3. Na-egosi oghere efu dị na otu olu a.
  4. Mkpokọta nha otu olu.
  5. Mpịakọta ezi uche dị n'ime otu mpịakọta a, ebe a ka anyị emepụtabeghị ya mere enwere 0.
  6. SN = Ọnụọgụ foto nke otu olu nwere. (E mesịa, anyị nwere ike ịmepụta foto).
  7. Ọnọdụ nke otu olu dị ka enwere ike dee, enwere ike ịgụ, resizeable, mbupụ, akụkụ na mkpokọta, ebe a bụ wz–n- nke pụtara w = Ederede, z = resizeable..
  8. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Mpịakọta Anụ ahụ (PV) eji n'ime otu mpịakọta a.

7. Iji gosi ozi ndị ọzọ gbasara otu olu jiri iwu.

# vgs -v

8. Iji nweta ozi ndị ọzọ gbasara otu olu emepụtara ọhụrụ, mee iwu a.

# vgdisplay tecmint_add_vg

  1. Aha otu olu
  2. Eji arụ ọrụ LVM.
  3. Enwere ike ịgụ na dee steeti, dị njikere iji.
  4. Enwere ike ịmegharị otu olu a.
  5. Enweghị diski anụ ahụ ejiri ma ha na-arụ ọrụ.
  6. Nha mkpokọta otu olu.
  7. Nha otu PE dị 32 ebe a.
  8. Ngụkọta ọnụọgụ PE dị n'otu olu a.
  9. Ugbu a, anyị emebeghị LV ọ bụla n'ime VG a ka ọ nweere onwe ya kpamkpam.
  10. UUID nke otu olu a.

9. Ugbu a, kwụsị 3 Logical Volumes n'aha nke tecmint_documents, tecmint_manager na tecmint_public. N'ebe a, anyị nwere ike ịhụ ka esi mepụta ụda ezi uche na-eji PE size na Iji GB Size. Nke mbụ, depụta mpịakọta ezi uche dị ugbu a site na iji iwu na-esonụ.

# lvs

10. Mpịakọta ezi uche ndị a dị na vg_tecmint Otu olu. Depụta ma hụ ole oghere efu dị iji mepụta mpịakọta ezi uche site na iji iwu pvs.

# pvs

11. Mpịakọta otu nha bụ 54GB na ejighi ya, yabụ anyị nwere ike ịmepụta LV n'ime ya. Ka anyị kewaa otu olu ka ọ bụrụ nha nha ka imepụta mpịakọta 3 ezi uche dị na ya. Nke ahụ pụtara 54GB/3 = 18GB, Otu olu ezi uche ga-abụ 18GB n'ogo mgbe e kere eke.

Ka anyị buru ụzọ mepụta ụda ezi uche dị na ya site na iji nha anụ ahụ (PE). Anyị kwesịrị ịma nha PE ndabara ekenyere maka otu olu a yana ngụkọta PE dị ka imepụta mpịakọta ezi uche ọhụrụ, Gbaa iwu iji nweta ozi ahụ.

# vgdisplay tecmint_add_vg

  1. Ekenyere PE maka VG nke a bụ 32MB, Nha otu PE ga-abụ 32MB.
  2. Ngụkọta PE dị na ya bụ 1725.

Naanị mee wee hụ ntakịrị Mgbakọ site na iji iwu bc.

# bc
1725PE/3 = 575 PE. 
575 PE x 32MB = 18400 --> 18GB

Pịa CRTL+D ka ịpụ na bc. Ka anyị mepụta mpịakọta 3 ziri ezi site na iji 575 PE.

# lvcreate -l (Extend size) -n (name_of_logical_volume) (volume_group)

# lvcreate -l 575 -n tecmint_documents tecmint_add_vg

# lvcreate -l 575 -n tecmint_manager tecmint_add_vg

# lvcreate -l 575 -n tecmint_public tecmint_add_vg

  1. -l - Mepụta iji nha nha
  2. -n - Nye aha olu ezi uche.

Depụta mpịakọta ezi uche emepụtara site na iji iwu lvs.

# lvs

Ka ị na-emepụta ụda ezi uche na-eji GB size anyị enweghị ike ịnweta nha ya. Ya mere, ụzọ kachasị mma bụ ịmepụta site na iji ịgbatị.

# lvcreate -L 18G -n tecmint_documents tecmint_add_vg

# lvcreate -L 18G -n tecmint_manager tecmint_add_vg

# lvcreate -L 18G -n tecmint_public tecmint_add_vg

# lvcreate -L 17.8G -n tecmint_public tecmint_add_vg

Depụta mpịakọta ezi uche emepụtara site na iji iwu lvs.

# lvs

N'ebe a, anyị nwere ike ịhụ mgbe ị na-eke 3rd LV anyị enweghị ike ịgbakọ ruo 18GB, Ọ bụ n'ihi obere mgbanwe na nha, ma a ga-eleghara okwu a anya mgbe ị na-emepụta LV site na iji Extend size.

12. N'ihi na iji ezi uche mpịakọta anyị mkpa format. Ebe a, m na-eji ext4 faịlụ-sistemu mepụta mpịakọta ma na-aga ịrị n'okpuru /mnt/.

# mkfs.ext4 /dev/tecmint_add_vg/tecmint_documents

# mkfs.ext4 /dev/tecmint_add_vg/tecmint_public

# mkfs.ext4 /dev/tecmint_add_vg/tecmint_manager

13. Ka anyị Mepụta akwụkwọ ndekọ aha na /mntna Ugwu Logical mpịakọta ihe anyị kere faịlụ-sistemu.

# mount /dev/tecmint_add_vg/tecmint_documents /mnt/tecmint_documents/

# mount /dev/tecmint_add_vg/tecmint_public /mnt/tecmint_public/

# mount /dev/tecmint_add_vg/tecmint_manager /mnt/tecmint_manager/

Depụta ma kwado ebe ugwu site na iji.

 
# df -h

Edogoro ya nwa oge, maka ugwu na-adịgide adịgide anyị kwesịrị ịgbakwunye ntinye na fstab, maka nke ahụ ka anyị nweta ntinye ugwu site na mtab site na iji.

# cat /etc/mtab

Anyị kwesịrị ime ntakịrị mgbanwe na ntinye fstab ka anyị na-abanye n'ime ntinye ọdịnaya nke ugwu site na mtab, anyị kwesịrị ịgbanwe rw ka ọ bụrụ ndabara.

# vim /etc/fstab

Ntinye fstab anyị chọrọ ịdị ka nlele n'okpuru. Chekwa ma pụọ na fstab site na iji wq!.

/dev/mapper/tecmint_add_vg-tecmint_documents    /mnt/tecmint_documents  ext4    defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/tecmint_add_vg-tecmint_public       /mnt/tecmint_public     ext4    defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/tecmint_add_vg-tecmint_manager      /mnt/tecmint_manager    ext4    defaults 0 0

Mezue iwu mount -a ka ịlele maka ntinye fstab tupu ịmalitegharịa.

# mount -av

N'ebe a, anyị ahụla otu esi edobe nchekwa na-agbanwe agbanwe na mpịakọta ezi uche site na iji diski anụ ahụ na ụda anụ ahụ, ụda anụ ahụ ruo otu olu, otu olu na mpịakọta ezi uche.

N'ime akụkọ m na-abịa n'ihu, m ga-ahụ ka esi gbasaa otu olu, mpịakọta ezi uche, ibelata ụda ezi uche, na-ese foto ma weghachite site na foto. Ruo mgbe ahụ ka emelitere TecMint maka akụkọ ndị ọzọ dị egwu.