Iwu dmesg 7 maka nchọpụta nsogbu na ịnakọta ozi nke sistemụ Linux
Iwu 'dmesg' na-egosiputa ozi sitere na mgbanaka kernel. A usoro na-agafe multiple runlevel si ebe anyị nwere ike nweta ọtụtụ ozi dị ka usoro architecture, cpu, mmasị ngwaọrụ, RAM wdg Mgbe kọmputa akpụkpọ ụkwụ elu, a kernel (isi nke sistemụ arụmọrụ) na-kwajuru n'ime ebe nchekwa. N'ime oge ahụ ọnụọgụ ozi na-egosipụta ebe anyị nwere ike ịhụ ngwaọrụ ngwaike nke kernel chọtara.
Gụọkwa: Iwu Linux 10 iji nakọta ozi sistemụ na ngwaike
Ozi ndị ahụ dị oke mkpa n'ihe gbasara ịchọpụta ebumnuche ma ọ bụrụ na ọdịda ngwaọrụ dara. Mgbe anyị jikọọ ma ọ bụ kwụsịrị ngwaọrụ ngwaike dị na sistemụ, site n'enyemaka nke iwu dmesg anyị na-amata ozi achọpụtara ma ọ bụ kwụsịrị na ofufe. Iwu dmesg dị na ọtụtụ Linux na Unix Sistemụ arụmọrụ dabere.
Ka anyị tụnye ọkụ na ngwá ọrụ a ma ama nke a na-akpọ iwu 'dmesg' na ihe atụ ha bara uru dị ka a tụlere n'okpuru. Okwu syntax dmesg dị ka ndị a.
# dmseg [options...]
1. Depụta ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala niile eburu na kernel
Anyị nwere ike iji ngwa eji ederede ederede ya bụ 'more', 'ọdụ', 'obere' ma ọ bụ 'grep ' na dmesg iwu. Dị ka mmepụta nke dmesg log agaghị adaba n'otu ibe, iji dmesg nwere pipụ karịa ma ọ bụ obere iwu ga-egosipụta ndekọ na otu ibe.
dmesg | more dmesg | less
[ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuacct [ 0.000000] Linux version 3.11.0-13-generic ([email ) (gcc version 4.8.1 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.8.1-10ubuntu8) ) #20-Ubuntu SMP Wed Oct 23 17:26:33 UTC 2013 (Ubuntu 3.11.0-13.20-generic 3.11.6) [ 0.000000] KERNEL supported cpus: [ 0.000000] Intel GenuineIntel [ 0.000000] AMD AuthenticAMD [ 0.000000] NSC Geode by NSC [ 0.000000] Cyrix CyrixInstead [ 0.000000] Centaur CentaurHauls [ 0.000000] Transmeta GenuineTMx86 [ 0.000000] Transmeta TransmetaCPU [ 0.000000] UMC UMC UMC UMC [ 0.000000] e820: BIOS-provided physical RAM map: [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000009fbff] usable [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000000f0000-0x00000000000fffff] reserved [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x000000007dc08bff] usable [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000007dc08c00-0x000000007dc5cbff] ACPI NVS [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000007dc5cc00-0x000000007dc5ebff] ACPI data [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000007dc5ec00-0x000000007fffffff] reserved [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000e0000000-0x00000000efffffff] reserved [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000fec00000-0x00000000fed003ff] reserved [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000fed20000-0x00000000fed9ffff] reserved [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000fee00000-0x00000000feefffff] reserved [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000ffb00000-0x00000000ffffffff] reserved [ 0.000000] NX (Execute Disable) protection: active .....
Gụọkwa: Jikwaa faịlụ Linux nke ọma site na iji isi, ọdụ na pusi iwu
2. Depụta ngwaọrụ niile achọpụtara
Iji chọpụta diski ike nke kernel achọpụtala, ị nwere ike ịchọ isiokwu sda yana grep dị ka egosiri n'okpuru.
dmesg | grep sda [ 1.280971] sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] 488281250 512-byte logical blocks: (250 GB/232 GiB) [ 1.281014] sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off [ 1.281016] sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00 [ 1.281039] sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA [ 1.359585] sda: sda1 sda2 < sda5 sda6 sda7 sda8 > [ 1.360052] sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk [ 2.347887] EXT4-fs (sda1): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null) [ 22.928440] Adding 3905532k swap on /dev/sda6. Priority:-1 extents:1 across:3905532k FS [ 23.950543] EXT4-fs (sda1): re-mounted. Opts: errors=remount-ro [ 24.134016] EXT4-fs (sda5): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null) [ 24.330762] EXT4-fs (sda7): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null) [ 24.561015] EXT4-fs (sda8): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
IHE: The 'sda' mbụ SATA ike mbanye, 'sdb' bụ nke abụọ SATA ike mbanye na na. Jiri 'hda' ma ọ bụ 'hdb' chọọ n'ihe gbasara draịvụ ike IDE.
3. Bipụta naanị ahịrị 20 mbụ nke mmepụta
Isi 'isi' yana dmesg ga-egosi ahịrị mmalite ya bụ 'dmesg | isi -20 'ga-ebipụta naanị 20 ahịrị site na mmalite.
dmesg | head -20 [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu [ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuacct [ 0.000000] Linux version 3.11.0-13-generic ([email ) (gcc version 4.8.1 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.8.1-10ubuntu8) ) #20-Ubuntu SMP Wed Oct 23 17:26:33 UTC 2013 (Ubuntu 3.11.0-13.20-generic 3.11.6) [ 0.000000] KERNEL supported cpus: [ 0.000000] Intel GenuineIntel [ 0.000000] AMD AuthenticAMD [ 0.000000] NSC Geode by NSC [ 0.000000] Cyrix CyrixInstead [ 0.000000] Centaur CentaurHauls [ 0.000000] Transmeta GenuineTMx86 [ 0.000000] Transmeta TransmetaCPU [ 0.000000] UMC UMC UMC UMC [ 0.000000] e820: BIOS-provided physical RAM map: [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000009fbff] usable [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000000f0000-0x00000000000fffff] reserved [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x000000007dc08bff] usable [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000007dc08c00-0x000000007dc5cbff] ACPI NVS [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000007dc5cc00-0x000000007dc5ebff] ACPI data [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000007dc5ec00-0x000000007fffffff] reserved
4. Bipụta naanị ahịrị 20 ikpeazụ nke mmepụta
'ọdụ' yana iwu dmesg ga-ebipụta naanị ahịrị 20 ikpeazụ, nke a bara uru ma ọ bụrụ na anyị etinye ngwaọrụ mbughari.
dmesg | tail -20 parport0: PC-style at 0x378, irq 7 [PCSPP,TRISTATE] ppdev: user-space parallel port driver EXT4-fs (sda1): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode Adding 2097144k swap on /dev/sda2. Priority:-1 extents:1 across:2097144k readahead-disable-service: delaying service auditd ip_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team nf_conntrack version 0.5.0 (16384 buckets, 65536 max) NET: Registered protocol family 10 lo: Disabled Privacy Extensions e1000: eth0 NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None Slow work thread pool: Starting up Slow work thread pool: Ready FS-Cache: Loaded CacheFiles: Loaded CacheFiles: Security denies permission to nominate security context: error -95 eth0: no IPv6 routers present type=1305 audit(1398268784.593:18630): audit_enabled=0 old=1 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 res=1 readahead-collector: starting delayed service auditd readahead-collector: sorting readahead-collector: finished
5. Chọọ ngwaọrụ achọtara ma ọ bụ eriri pụrụ iche
O siri ike ịchọ otu eriri n'ihi ogologo mmepụta dmesg. Ya mere, nzacha ahịrị ndị nwere nwere eriri dị ka 'usb' 'dma' 'tty' na 'memory' wdg. Nhọrọ '-i' na-enye ntụziaka ka grep iwu ileghara ikpe ahụ anya ( mkpụrụedemede ukwu ma ọ bụ obere).
dmesg | grep -i usb dmesg | grep -i dma dmesg | grep -i tty dmesg | grep -i memory
[ 0.000000] Scanning 1 areas for low memory corruption [ 0.000000] initial memory mapped: [mem 0x00000000-0x01ffffff] [ 0.000000] Base memory trampoline at [c009b000] 9b000 size 16384 [ 0.000000] init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x00000000-0x000fffff] [ 0.000000] init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x37800000-0x379fffff] [ 0.000000] init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x34000000-0x377fffff] [ 0.000000] init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x00100000-0x33ffffff] [ 0.000000] init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x37a00000-0x37bfdfff] [ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges [ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0x0009f000-0x000effff] [ 0.000000] PM: Registered nosave memory: [mem 0x000f0000-0x000fffff] [ 0.000000] please try 'cgroup_disable=memory' option if you don't want memory cgroups [ 0.000000] Memory: 2003288K/2059928K available (6352K kernel code, 607K rwdata, 2640K rodata, 880K init, 908K bss, 56640K reserved, 1146920K highmem) [ 0.000000] virtual kernel memory layout: [ 0.004291] Initializing cgroup subsys memory [ 0.004609] Freeing SMP alternatives memory: 28K (c1a3e000 - c1a45000) [ 0.899622] Freeing initrd memory: 23616K (f51d0000 - f68e0000) [ 0.899813] Scanning for low memory corruption every 60 seconds [ 0.946323] agpgart-intel 0000:00:00.0: detected 32768K stolen memory [ 1.360318] Freeing unused kernel memory: 880K (c1962000 - c1a3e000) [ 1.429066] [drm] Memory usable by graphics device = 2048M
6. Kpochapụ ndekọ ihe nchekwa dmesg
Ee, anyị nwere ike ikpochapụ ndekọ dmesg ma ọ bụrụ na achọrọ ya na iwu dị n'okpuru. Ọ ga-ehichapụ ndekọ ozi mgbanaka dmesg ruo mgbe i mezuru iwu dị n'okpuru. N'agbanyeghị ị nwere ike ịlele ndekọ echekwara na faịlụ '/var/log/dmesg'. Ọ bụrụ na ị jikọọ ngwaọrụ ọ bụla ga-emepụta mmepụta dmesg.
dmesg -c
7. nlekota dmesg na Real Time
Ụfọdụ distro na-enye ohere iwu 'ọdụ -f /var/log/dmesg' yana maka nleba anya dmesg ozugbo.
watch "dmesg | tail -20"
Mmechi: Iwu dmesg bara uru ka dmesg na-edekọ mgbanwe sistemụ niile emere ma ọ bụ mee ozugbo. Dị ka oge niile ị nwere ike man dmesg iji nweta ozi ndị ọzọ.