Otu esi agba nkesa Linux ọ bụla ozugbo site na diski ike na Ubuntu Iji Grub Menu

Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-emepụta USB bootable.

Nkuzi a ga-elekwasị anya n'igosi ụzọ ị nwere ike isi na-ekesa ụfọdụ Linux ISO ozugbo na diski ike gị site na dezie Ubuntu 20.04 GRUB2 (na-arụ ọrụ na Ubuntu 18.04 ma ọ bụ tupu) menu nke bụ. ihe nkesa boots nke ndabara na ọtụtụ nkesa Linux ọgbara ọhụrụ, nke na-enye ụzọ ngwa ngwa iji Linux Operating System, ma nwee mmetụta dị ukwuu na nzuzo n'ihi na echekwaghị ntọala gị niile na oge ndụ gị na ndabara.

Nkesa ewepụtara n'isiokwu a bụ CentOS, Fedora, Kali Linux na Gentoo Live DVD.

Ubuntu 20.04 (ma ọ bụ nkesa Linux ọ bụla nwere GRUB2 boot loader) arụnyere na draịvụ ike sistemụ gị.

  • Ubuntu 20.04 Ntuziaka nwụnye Desktop

Kwụpụ 1: Budata faịlụ ISO Linux Live Linux

1. Iji nwee ike buut na-agba ọsọ ọ bụla Linux nkesa na-enweghị wụnye ha na draịvụ ike gị, jide n'aka na ibudata Live CD/DVD ntọhapụ nke ọ bụla Linux ISO image.

  • Budata CentOS Live ISO Image
  • Budata Fedora Live ISO Image
  • Budata Kali Linux Live ISO Image
  • Budata Gentoo Linux Live ISO Image

Nzọụkwụ 2: Tinye ISO Images na GRUB2 Menu

2. Mgbe ị ebudatara Linux ISO Live DVD Images kachasị amasị gị, mepee Ubuntu Nautilus na ikike mgbọrọgwụ site na iji 'sudo nautilus'iwu site na Terminal wee mepụta ndekọ aha a na-akpọ live na gị. usoro mgbọrọgwụ wee bugharịa faịlụ ISO na folda a.

$ sudo nautilus

3. Iji gaa n'ihu, ọ ga-adị mkpa ịnye Grub2 na nkebi diski anyị UUID - Ihe njirimara pụrụ iche nke ụwa(nkebi ebe faịlụ ISO dị). Iji nweta nkebi UUID mee iwu blkid a.

$ sudo blkid

N'ihi na-akpaghị aka mounted nkebi ma ọ bụ hard disks na sistemụ buut na-eso nwamba iwu.

$ sudo cat /etc/fstab

4. Ụzọ ọzọ ị ga-esi nweta UUID nkebi gị bụ, imeghe visualize grub.cfg ọdịnaya faịlụ dị na /boot/grub/ ụzọ wee chọọ --fs -uuid eriri (ọ bụrụ na ị nweghị nkewa kewapụrụ maka /boot).

5. Mgbe ị nwetachara nkebi mgbọrọgwụ gị UUID koodu ịkwaga na /etc/grub.d/ directory, mepee 40_custom faịlụ maka edezi wee gbakwunye ya. na-eso ahịrị dị n'okpuru faịlụ a.

menuentry 'CentOS 8 Live' --class os --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --group group_main {
                set isofile="/live/CentOS-8-x86_64-1905-dvd1.iso"

         insmod ext2
         insmod loopback
         insmod iso9660      
                loopback loop (hd0,msdos1)$isofile      
                search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 3b87d941-8ee7-4312-98fc-1f26828d62ab                            
                linux (loop)/isolinux/vmlinuz boot=live fromiso=/dev/sda1/$isofile noconfig=sudo username=root hostname=centos
                initrd (loop)/isolinux/initrd.img
}

Ebe a ntuziaka ndị a na-anọchi anya:

  1. set isofile = Agbanwe nke na-ejide ọnọdụ usoro usoro ISO.
  2. (hd0,msdos1) = Nkebi mbụ sitere na diski ike mbụ (Na Linux disks ka a na-eji nọmba 0 malite na 0) - otu ihe ahụ dị ka /dev/sda1.
  3. –fs-uuid –set=mgbọrọgwụ 59036d99-a9bd-4cfb-80ab-93a8d3a92e77 = Nkebi mbụ sitere na koodu UUID diski ike mbụ.
  4. linux na initrd = Omenala kernel booting parameters – ha dị iche dabere na nkesa Linux ọ bụla.

6. Mgbe ịmechara faịlụ ahụ, melite-grub ka ịgbakwunye ISO ọhụrụ (na nke a CentOS) na menu Grub2 gị. Iji nyochaa ya mepee /boot/grub/grub.cfg wee chọọ na ala maka ntinye ISO gị.

$ sudo update-grub

7. Iji mee CentOS Live ISO, malitegharịa kọmputa gị, họrọ ntinye CentOS site na menu GRUB wee pịa igodo Tinye.

N'otu aka ahụ, ịnwere ike ịgbakwunye onyonyo nkesa Linux Live ISO na menu GRUB2 dịka egosiri. Mepee ọzọ wee dezie /etc/grub.d/40_custom grub faịlụ ma tinye ndenye ndị a.

menuentry 'Fedora Live' --class os --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --group group_main {
                set isofile="/live/Fedora-Workstation-Live-x86_64-32-1.6.iso"

         insmod ext2
         insmod loopback
         insmod iso9660      
                loopback loop (hd0,msdos1)$isofile      
                search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 3b87d941-8ee7-4312-98fc-1f26828d62ab                            
                linux (loop)/isolinux/vmlinuz boot=live fromiso=/dev/sda1/$isofile noconfig=sudo username=root hostname=fedora
                initrd (loop)/isolinux/initrd.img
}

menuentry 'Kali Linux Live' --class os --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --group group_main {
                set isofile="/live/kali-linux-2020.2-live-i386.iso"

         insmod ext2
         insmod loopback
         insmod iso9660      
                loopback loop (hd0,msdos1)$isofile      
                search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 3b87d941-8ee7-4312-98fc-1f26828d62ab                            
                linux (loop)/live/vmlinuz boot=live fromiso=/dev/sda1/$isofile noconfig=sudo username=root hostname=kalilinux
                initrd (loop)/live/initrd.img
}

menuentry 'Gentoo Linux Live' --class os --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --group group_main {
                set isofile="/live/livedvd-amd64-multilib-20160704.iso"

         insmod ext2
         insmod loopback
         insmod iso9660      
                loopback loop (hd0,msdos1)$isofile      
                search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 3b87d941-8ee7-4312-98fc-1f26828d62ab                            
                linux (loop)/live/vmlinuz boot=live fromiso=/dev/sda1/$isofile noconfig=sudo username=root hostname=gentoo
                initrd (loop)/live/initrd.img
}

8. Mgbe ahụ melite menu GRUB gị ọzọ, malitegharịa kọmputa gị wee họrọ ISO nkesa Linux masịrị gị site na menu GRUB.

$ sudo update-grub

9. Ọ bụrụ na ịnweghị ohere zuru oke na nkebi mgbọrọgwụ gị, iji kwado faịlụ Linux ISO ndị ọzọ ị nwere ike itinye diski ike ọzọ wee bugharịa faịlụ ISO nkesa Linux niile n'ebe ahụ. Mgbe ịmechara nkebi ma tinye sistemu faịlụ tinye ya na ụzọ /mnt ka ọ dị.

$ sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt

10. wee bugharịa ISO niile na diski ike ọhụrụ wee jide UUID ya site na iji blkidiwu.

$ sudo blkid

11. Mepee ọzọ wee dezie /etc/grub.d/40_custom faịlụ grub wee tinye onyonyo nkesa Linux Live ISO na GRUB2 menu site na iji otu usoro mana ṅaa ntị na onye ọ bụla. nkesa Live kernel booting parameters nke enwere ike inyocha site na ịtinye onyonyo ISO site na iji mount -o loopnhọrọ ma ọ bụ lelee ibe Wiki nkesa.