mkpokọta: Ngwá ọrụ nlekota arụmọrụ niile dị elu maka Linux
Ọrụ kacha mkpa nke onye na-ahụ maka sistemụ Linux bụ ịhụ na sistemụ ọ na-elekọta nọ n'ọnọdụ dị mma. Enwere ọtụtụ ngwaọrụ dị maka ndị na-ahụ maka sistemụ Linux nwere ike inye aka nyochaa na igosipụta usoro na sistemụ dị ka htop, mana ọ nweghị ngwaọrụ ndị a nwere ike ịsọ mpi na mkpokọta.
Collectl bụ ihe mara mma bara ụba nke nwere ike iji nakọta data arụmọrụ nke na-akọwa ọkwa usoro dị ugbu a. N'adịghị ka ọtụtụ ngwaọrụ nleba anya ndị ọzọ, mkpokọta anaghị elekwasị anya na ọnụọgụ sistemụ metrics, kama ọ nwere ike ịnakọta ozi na ọtụtụ ụdị akụrụngwa sistemụ dị ka cpu, diski, ebe nchekwa, netwọkụ, sọks, tcp, inodes, infiniband, lustre, ebe nchekwa, nfs, usoro, quadriks, slabs na enyi.
Otu ihe dị mma maka iji mkpokọta bụ na ọ nwekwara ike ịrụ ọrụ nke ihe eji arụ ọrụ emebere na naanị otu ebumnuche dị ka top, ps, iotop na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Kedu ihe ụfọdụ na-eme ka nchịkọta bụrụ ngwá ọrụ bara uru?
Mgbe m mechara ọtụtụ nyocha, achịkọtala m ndepụta na ụfọdụ n'ime njirimara kachasị mkpa nke mkpokọta iwu-line utility maka ụmụ okorobịa.
- Ọ nwere ike na-agba ọsọ na mmekọrịta, dị ka daemon ma ọ bụ ha abụọ.
- Ọ nwere ike igosipụta mmepụta n'ụdị dị iche iche.
- O nwere ikike inyocha ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ sistemụ ọ bụla.
- Ọ nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ nke ọtụtụ ngwa ndị ọzọ dị ka ps, top, iotop, vmstat.
- O nwere ike ịdekọ na ịkpọghachi data ewepụtara.
- Ọ nwere ike mbupụ data n'ụdị faịlụ dị iche iche. (nke a bara ezigbo uru mgbe ịchọrọ iji ngwaọrụ mpụga nyochaa data).
- Ọ nwere ike ịgba ọsọ dị ka ọrụ iji nyochaa igwe ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ ma ọ bụ ụyọkọ nkesa dum.
- Ọ nwere ike igosipụta data dị na ọdụ, dee na faịlụ ma ọ bụ oghere.
Otu esi etinye mkpokọta na Linux
Ngwakọta mkpokọta na-arụ ọrụ na nkesa Linux niile, naanị ihe ọ chọrọ ka ọ na-agba bụ perl, yabụ gbaa mbọ hụ na etinyere Perl na igwe gị tupu ịwụnye mkpokọta na igwe gị.
Enwere ike iji iwu na-esonụ iji wụnye akụrụngwa mkpokọta na igwe dabere na Debian dịka Ubuntu.
$ sudo apt-get install collectl
Ọ bụrụ na ị na-eji Red Hat based distro, ị nwere ike ijide ya n'ụzọ dị mfe site na iji iwu yum.
# yum install collectl
Ụfọdụ ihe atụ bara uru nke uru mkpokọta
Ozugbo echichi nke ngwá ọrụ mkpokọta agwụla, ị nwere ike ịme ya ngwa ngwa site na njedebe, ọbụlagodi na-enweghị nhọrọ ọ bụla. Iwu na-esonụ ga-egosipụta ozi na cpu, disk na netwọk netwọk n'ụdị dị mkpụmkpụ na nke mmadụ nwere ike ịgụ.
# collectl waiting for 1 second sample... # #cpu sys inter ctxsw KBRead Reads KBWrit Writes KBIn PktIn KBOut PktOut 13 5 790 1322 0 0 92 7 4 13 0 5 10 2 719 1186 0 0 0 0 3 9 0 4 12 0 753 1188 0 0 52 3 2 5 0 6 13 2 733 1063 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 25 2 834 1375 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 28 2 870 1424 0 0 36 7 1 1 0 1 19 3 949 2271 0 0 44 3 1 1 0 1 17 2 809 1384 0 0 0 0 1 6 0 6 16 2 732 1348 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 22 4 993 1615 0 0 56 3 1 2 0 3
Dị ka ị nwere ike ịhụ site na mmepụta dị n'elu gosipụtara na ihuenyo njedebe, ọ dị mfe ịrụ ọrụ na usoro metrics ụkpụrụ dị na mmepụta iwu n'ihi na ọ na-egosi na otu ahịrị.
Mgbe arụrụ ọrụ mkpokọta na-enweghị nhọrọ ọ bụla ọ na-egosiputa ozi gbasara sistemụ ndị a:
- cpu
- disk
- netwọk
Cheta na: N'ọnọdụ anyị, subsystem bụ ụdị ọ bụla nke akụrụngwa sistemụ nwere ike tụọ.
Ịnwekwara ike igosipụta ọnụ ọgụgụ maka sistemụ ala niile ma e wezụga slabs site na ijikọta iwu na nhọrọ -all dị ka egosiri n'okpuru.
# collectl --all waiting for 1 second sample... # #cpu sys inter ctxsw Cpu0 Cpu1 Free Buff Cach Inac Slab Map Fragments KBRead Reads KBWrit Writes KBIn PktIn KBOut PktOut IP Tcp Udp Icmp Tcp Udp Raw Frag Handle Inodes Reads Writes Meta Comm 16 3 817 1542 430 390 1G 175M 1G 683M 193M 1G nsslkjjebbk 0 0 24 3 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 623 0 0 0 8160 240829 0 0 0 0 11 1 745 1324 316 426 1G 175M 1G 683M 193M 1G nsslkjjebbk 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 622 0 0 0 8160 240828 0 0 0 0 15 2 793 1683 371 424 1G 175M 1G 683M 193M 1G ssslkjjebbk 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 622 0 0 0 8160 240829 0 0 0 0 16 2 872 1875 427 446 1G 175M 1G 683M 193M 1G ssslkjjebbk 0 0 24 3 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 622 0 0 0 8160 240828 0 0 0 0 24 2 842 1383 473 368 1G 175M 1G 683M 193M 1G ssslkjjebbk 0 0 168 6 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 622 0 0 0 8160 240828 0 0 0 0 27 3 844 1099 478 365 1G 175M 1G 683M 193M 1G nsslkjjebbk 0 0 0 0 1 6 1 9 0 0 0 0 622 0 0 0 8160 240828 0 0 0 0 26 5 823 1238 396 428 1G 175M 1G 683M 193M 1G ssslkjjebbk 0 0 0 0 2 11 3 9 0 0 0 0 622 0 0 0 8160 240828 0 0 0 0 15 1 753 1276 361 391 1G 175M 1G 683M 193M 1G ssslkjjebbk 0 0 40 3 1 2 0 3 0 0 0 0 623 0 0 0 8160 240829 0 0 0 0
Mana, kedu ka ị ga-esi nyochaa ojiji cpu site n'enyemaka nke ngwa ahụ? Ekwesịrị iji nhọrọ '-s' jikwaa nke data subsystem nke a ga-anakọta ma ọ bụ kpọọ azụ.
Dịka ọmụmaatụ enwere ike iji iwu na-esonụ iji nyochaa nchịkọta nke ojiji cpu.
# collectl -sc waiting for 1 second sample... # #cpu sys inter ctxsw 15 2 749 1155 16 3 772 1445 14 2 793 1247 27 4 887 1292 24 1 796 1258 16 1 743 1113 15 1 743 1179 14 1 706 1078 15 1 764 1268
Kedu ihe na-eme mgbe ị jikọtara iwu ahụ na scdn? Ụzọ kachasị mma iji mụta otu esi eji ngwa ahịrị iwu bụ ịme ihe dị ka o kwere mee, yabụ gbaa iwu a na njedebe gị wee hụ ihe ga-eme.
# collectl -scdn waiting for 1 second sample... # #cpu sys inter ctxsw KBRead Reads KBWrit Writes KBIn PktIn KBOut PktOut 25 4 943 3333 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 27 3 825 2910 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 27 5 886 2531 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 20 4 872 2406 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 26 1 854 2091 0 0 20 2 1 1 0 1 39 4 1004 3398 0 0 0 0 2 8 3 6 41 6 955 2464 0 0 40 3 1 2 0 3 25 7 890 1609 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 16 2 814 1165 0 0 796 43 2 2 0 2 14 1 779 1383 0 0 48 6 1 1 0 1 11 2 795 1285 0 0 0 0 2 14 1 14
Ị nwere ike ịghọta ngwa ngwa na nhọrọ ndabara bụ cdn, ọ na-anọchi anya cpu, diski na data netwọk. Nsonaazụ nke iwu ahụ bụ otu ihe ahụ na mmepụta nke collectl -scn
Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ịnakọta data gbasara ebe nchekwa, jiri iwu na-esonụ.
# collectl -sm waiting for 1 second sample... # #Free Buff Cach Inac Slab Map 1G 177M 1G 684M 193M 1G 1G 177M 1G 684M 193M 1G 1G 177M 1G 684M 193M 1G 1G 177M 1G 684M 193M 1G 1G 177M 1G 684M 193M 1G 1G 177M 1G 684M 193M 1G 1G 177M 1G 684M 193M 1G 1G 177M 1G 684M 193M 1G
Ihe mmepụta a dị n'elu bara ezigbo uru mgbe ịchọrọ ịnweta ụfọdụ ozi zuru ezu na ebe nchekwa gị, ebe nchekwa efu na ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa maka ịrụ ọrụ nke usoro gị.
Kedu maka ụfọdụ data na tcp? Jiri iwu na-esonụ mee ya.
# collectl -st
waiting for 1 second sample...
#
# IP Tcp Udp Icmp
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0Mgbe ị nwetachara ahụmịhe, ị nwere ike jikọta nhọrọ ngwa ngwa iji nweta nsonaazụ ịchọrọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ ị nwere ike ijikọ t maka tcp na c maka cpu. Iwu a na-eme nke ahụ.
# collectl -stc waiting for 1 second sample... # #cpu sys inter ctxsw IP Tcp Udp Icmp 23 8 961 3136 0 0 0 0 24 5 916 3662 0 0 0 0 21 8 848 2408 0 0 0 0 30 10 916 2674 0 0 0 0 38 3 826 1752 0 0 0 0 31 3 820 1408 0 0 0 0 15 5 781 1335 0 0 0 0 17 3 802 1314 0 0 0 0 17 3 755 1218 0 0 0 0 14 2 788 1321 0 0 0 0
Ọ na-esiri anyị bụ ụmụ mmadụ ike icheta nhọrọ niile dịnụ, yabụ ana m ebisa ndepụta nchịkọta nke sistemụ arụ ọrụ na-akwado.
- b – ozi enyi (nkewa ebe nchekwa)
- c – CPU
- d – Disk
- f – NFS V3 Data
- i – Inode na sistemụ faịlụ
- j – Nkwụsị
- l - Agụụ
- m – Ebe nchekwa
- n – Netwọk
- s – Sockets
- t – TCP
- x – Njikọ njikọ
- y – Slabs (nchekwa ihe sistemụ)
Mpempe data dị oke mkpa maka onye nchịkwa sistemụ ma ọ bụ onye ọrụ Linux bụ data anakọtara na ojiji diski. Iwu na-esonụ ga-enyere gị aka nyochaa ojiji diski.
# collectl -sd
waiting for 1 second sample...
#
#KBRead Reads KBWrit Writes
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 92 7
0 0 0 0
0 0 36 3
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 100 7
0 0 0 0
Ị nwekwara ike iji nhọrọ -sD ịnakọta data na diski onye ọ bụla, mana ị ga-amara na a gaghị akọ ozi na mkpokọta diski.
# collectl -sD waiting for 1 second sample... # DISK STATISTICS (/sec) # Pct #Name KBytes Merged IOs Size KBytes Merged IOs Size RWSize QLen Wait SvcTim Util sda 0 0 0 0 52 11 2 26 26 1 8 8 1 sda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 sda 0 0 0 0 24 0 2 12 12 0 0 0 0 sda 0 0 0 0 152 0 4 38 38 0 0 0 0 sda 0 0 0 0 192 45 3 64 64 1 20 20 5 sda 0 0 0 0 204 0 2 102 102 0 0 0 0 sda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 sda 0 0 0 0 116 26 3 39 38 1 16 16 4 sda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 sda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 sda 0 0 0 0 32 5 3 11 10 1 16 16 4 sda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ịnwekwara ike iji sistemụ ntanye nkọwa ndị ọzọ iji nakọta data zuru ezu. Ihe na-esonụ bụ ndepụta nke usoro subsystem zuru ezu.
- C – CPU
- D – Disk
- E - data gburugburu (onye ofufe, ike, temp), site na ipmitool
- F – Data NFS
- J – Nkwụsị
- L - nkọwa zuru oke OST ma ọ bụ nkọwa sistemụ faịlụ ndị ahịa
- N – Netwọk
- T – 65 TCP counter dị naanị n'ụdị nkata
- X – Njikọ njikọ
- Y - Slabs (nchekwa ihe sistemụ)
- Z – Usoro
Enwere ọtụtụ nhọrọ dị na mkpokọta mkpokọta, mana enweghị oge na ohere zuru ezu iji kpuchie ha niile n'otu akụkọ. Agbanyeghị, ọ bara uru ịkọ ma kuzie ka esi eji akụrụngwa dị ka top na ps.
Ọ dị mfe ime ka mkpokọta rụọ ọrụ dị ka ọrụ kachasị elu, naanị na-agba iwu na-esonụ na ọdụ gị ma ị ga-ahụ mmepụta yiri nke ahụ nke ngwá ọrụ kachasị na-enye gị mgbe e gburu ya na sistemụ Linux gị.
# collectl --top
# TOP PROCESSES sorted by time (counters are /sec) 13:11:02
# PID User PR PPID THRD S VSZ RSS CP SysT UsrT Pct AccuTime RKB WKB MajF MinF Command
^COuch!tecmint 20 1 40 R 1G 626M 0 0.01 0.14 15 28:48.24 0 0 0 109 /usr/lib/firefox/firefox
3403 tecmint 20 1 40 R 1G 626M 1 0.00 0.20 20 28:48.44 0 0 0 600 /usr/lib/firefox/firefox
5851 tecmint 20 4666 0 R 17M 13M 0 0.02 0.06 8 00:01.28 0 0 0 0 /usr/bin/perl
1682 root 20 1666 2 R 211M 55M 1 0.02 0.01 3 03:10.24 0 0 0 95 /usr/bin/X
3454 tecmint 20 3403 8 S 216M 45M 1 0.01 0.02 3 01:23.32 0 0 0 0 /usr/lib/firefox/plugin-container
4658 tecmint 20 4657 3 S 207M 17M 1 0.00 0.02 2 00:08.23 0 0 0 142 gnome-terminal
2890 tecmint 20 2571 3 S 340M 68M 0 0.00 0.01 1 01:19.95 0 0 0 0 compiz
3521 tecmint 20 1 24 S 710M 148M 1 0.01 0.00 1 01:47.84 0 0 0 0 skype
1 root 20 0 0 S 3M 2M 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:02.57 0 0 0 0 /sbin/init
2 root 20 0 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kthreadd
3 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.60 0 0 0 0 ksoftirqd/0
5 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kworker/0:0H
7 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kworker/u:0H
8 root RT 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:04.42 0 0 0 0 migration/0
9 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 rcu_bh
10 root 20 2 0 R 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:02.22 0 0 0 0 rcu_sched
11 root RT 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.05 0 0 0 0 watchdog/0
12 root RT 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.07 0 0 0 0 watchdog/1
13 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.73 0 0 0 0 ksoftirqd/1
14 root RT 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:01.96 0 0 0 0 migration/1
16 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kworker/1:0H
17 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 cpusetMa ugbu a ikpeazụ ma ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ, iji mkpokọta utility dị ka ps ngwá ọrụ na-agba ọsọ na-esonụ iwu na gị ọnụ. Ị ga-enweta ozi gbasara usoro na sistemụ gị n'otu ụzọ ahụ ị na-eme mgbe ị na-agba ọsọ iwu ps na njedebe gị.
# collectl -c1 -sZ -i:1
waiting for 1 second sample...
### RECORD 1 >>> tecmint-vgn-z13gn <<< (1397979716.001) (Sun Apr 20 13:11:56 2014) ###
# PROCESS SUMMARY (counters are /sec)
# PID User PR PPID THRD S VSZ RSS CP SysT UsrT Pct AccuTime RKB WKB MajF MinF Command
1 root 20 0 0 S 3M 2M 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:02.57 0 0 0 0 /sbin/init
2 root 20 0 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kthreadd
3 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.60 0 0 0 0 ksoftirqd/0
5 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kworker/0:0H
7 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kworker/u:0H
8 root RT 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:04.42 0 0 0 0 migration/0
9 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 rcu_bh
10 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:02.24 0 0 0 0 rcu_sched
11 root RT 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.05 0 0 0 0 watchdog/0
12 root RT 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.07 0 0 0 0 watchdog/1
13 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.73 0 0 0 0 ksoftirqd/1
14 root RT 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:01.96 0 0 0 0 migration/1
16 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kworker/1:0H
17 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 cpuset
18 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 1 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 khelper
19 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kdevtmpfs
20 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 netns
21 root 20 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 bdi-default
22 root 0 2 0 S 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0 00:00.00 0 0 0 0 kintegritydEji m n'aka na ọtụtụ ndị na-ahụ maka sistemụ Linux ga-amasị ngwá ọrụ a ma nwee mmetụta ike ya mgbe ha na-eji ya zuru oke. Ọ bụrụ na-amasị gị ịkwalite ihe ọmụma gị gbasara mkpokọta gaa n'ọkwa ọzọ rụtụ aka na ibe akwụkwọ ntuziaka ya wee nọgide na-eme ya.
Naanị pịnye iwu na-esonụ na njedebe gị wee malite ịgụ akwụkwọ.
# man collectl
Njikọ ntụaka
mkpokọta ibe